‘PmLyO-Sf9 - WSSV complex’ could be a platform for elucidating the mechanism of viral entry, cellular apoptosis and replication impediments

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most devastating pathogen found in shrimp aquaculture. The lack of certified continuous/established cell lines from penaeid shrimp restricts in vitro studies on the viruses to bring out effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures. In this context, a novel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2021-01, Vol.553, p.102-110
Main Authors: Bhaskaran Sathyabhama, Anoop, Puthumana, Jayesh, Kombiyil, Salini, Philip, Rosamma, Bright Singh, Isaac Sarojini
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apoptosis
Aquaculture
Cell Line
Cell Nucleus - ultrastructure
Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
Cytoplasm - ultrastructure
DNA Replication
DNA, Viral - metabolism
Gene Expression
Genes, Immediate-Early
Genes, Viral
Marine invertebrate cell culture
Penaeidae
PmLyO-Sf9 cell line
Sf9 Cells
Viral Load
Virus Internalization
Virus Replication
White spot syndrome virus 1 - physiology
White spot syndrome virus 1 - ultrastructure
WSSV
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Summary:White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most devastating pathogen found in shrimp aquaculture. The lack of certified continuous/established cell lines from penaeid shrimp restricts in vitro studies on the viruses to bring out effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures. In this context, a novel hybrid cell line named, PmLyO-Sf9, consisting of shrimp and Sf9 genomes has been established and employed to study WSSV susceptibility and multiplication. The hybrid cells were exposed to the shrimp virus WSSV and cytopathic effects (CPE) such as (a) enlargement of cells, (b) cessation cell division, (c) granulation of cytoplasm, (d) rounding off of cells, shortening and disappearance of tail-like structures and (e) detachment from the flask. Expression of immediate early genes such as ie 1, dnapol, rr1, tk-tmk, and pk 1could be confirmed indicating that viral DNA replication in the PmLyO-Sf9 took place followed by the expression of late genes such as VP-28, VP-26, VP-15 and VP-19. Electron micrograph of WSSV infected cells demonstrated marginated dense zones in the nucleus with clumped chromatin, and the mid zone with virus-like particles. However, neither discrete virus particles nor the culture supernatant having infectivity could be observed suggesting that virions were not getting formed in the cells. This is the first report of the susceptibility of PmLyO-Sf9 to WSSV, and the ‘PmLyO-Sf9 - WSSV Complex’ formed, defined as the infected status of PmLyO-Sf9 with WSSV, could be of use for unraveling at molecular level the mechanism of viral entry, replication impediments and cellular apoptosis.
ISSN:0042-6822
1096-0341
DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2020.10.014