Changes in Anthropometric and Fitness Characteristics Over a Decade of Young Elite Alpine Ski Racers

• Published in: International journal of sports physiology and performance 2021-01, Vol.16 (1), p.124-134
• Main Authors: Steidl-Müller, Lisa, Hildebrandt, Carolin, Ebenbichler, Christoph, Luchner, Roland, Patterson, Carson, Müller, Erich, Gonaus, Christoph, Raschner, Christian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Anthropometry; Athletes; Austria; Body measurements; Female; Females; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Physical Fitness; Postural Balance; Skiing
• ISSN: 1555-0265; 1555-0273
• DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0889

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether anthropometric and fitness characteristics have changed between former and current elite male and female Austrian young ski racers (U11-U15). A battery of anthropometric, general, and skiing-specific fitness tests was conducted annually. In total, 1517 participants (846 males, 671 females) who were tested in 2005-2009 ("former athletes" n = 805) and 2015-2019 ("current athletes" n = 712) were included. Independent t tests and Cohen d were calculated to compare the two 5-y periods, separated by sex and age group. The level of significance was set at P < .05. No significant change in anthropometric characteristics was found over the decade. Current young ski racers performed significantly better in the maximal core flexion strength test in all age categories (ES = 0.88-1.50; P < .02). Core extension strength values were higher in current male U12 and female U12 and U13 athletes (ES = 0.54-0.71; P < .01) and better postural stability values in the lateral direction were found in the age categories U12 and U14 (ES = 0.36-0.68; P < .05), as well as in the forward/backward direction in the age categories U12-U14 (ES = 0.38-1.12; P < .03). Lower-leg extension strength values were apparent in the current U13-U15 age categories (ES = 0.36-1.03; P ≤ .001) and lower drop-jump reactive strength indices in the U13-U15 male athletes (ES = 0.49-0.80; P < .01). Current and former young ski racers differ significantly in some fitness parameters, which might lead to the assumption that some aspects (such as core strength) have gained more focus in athletic training during the last years compared with 15 y ago.