Circulating exosomal MicroRNAs: New non-invasive biomarkers of non-communicable disease

Exosomes are vesicles, ranging of 30–150 nm in diameter, which are released by different cell types into the extracellular space. Exosomes are capable of transporting several biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, and non-coding RNA, including microRNAs (miRs). miRs signatures have been l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular biology reports 2021, Vol.48 (1), p.961-967
Main Authors: Jiménez-Avalos, Jorge Armando, Fernández-Macías, Juan Carlos, González-Palomo, Ana Karen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Anatomy
Animal Biochemistry
Biological Transport
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Body fluids
Cardiovascular Diseases - blood
Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis
Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics
Cardiovascular Diseases - pathology
Cell-Free Nucleic Acids - blood
Cell-Free Nucleic Acids - genetics
Disease
Exosomes
Exosomes - chemistry
Exosomes - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation
Histology
Humans
Kidney Diseases - blood
Kidney Diseases - diagnosis
Kidney Diseases - genetics
Kidney Diseases - pathology
Life Sciences
Lipids
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - blood
MicroRNAs - genetics
Mini Review Article
miRNA
Morphology
mRNA
Neoplasms - blood
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - pathology
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative Diseases - blood
Neurodegenerative Diseases - diagnosis
Neurodegenerative Diseases - genetics
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Non-coding RNA
Prognosis
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Summary:Exosomes are vesicles, ranging of 30–150 nm in diameter, which are released by different cell types into the extracellular space. Exosomes are capable of transporting several biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, and non-coding RNA, including microRNAs (miRs). miRs signatures have been linked to the development of non-communicable diseases and their classification into various subtypes and/or stages. Interestingly, the miRs contained in exosomes (exomiRs) are suitable candidates as non-invasive biomarkers due to their stability in body fluids and harsh conditions, as well as they are considered critical players involved in intercellular communication; so that they can be a promising diagnostic tool for several diseases. Besides, exomiRs allow discrimination between different stages of the disease and could be a valuable strategy for the early detection of several pathologies in a non-invasive approach. This review aims to describe exomiRs present in biologic fluids that can be used as a tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, kidney, and neurodegenerative disease.
ISSN:0301-4851
1573-4978
DOI:10.1007/s11033-020-06050-w