Therapeutic effects and perspective of stem cell extracellular vesicles in aging and cancer

Senescent cells can secrete a plethora of cytokines which induce senescent phenotype of neighboring cells and was called senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. Previously, it was believed that cancer was caused by the infinite division and uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Based on this, anti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cellular physiology 2021-07, Vol.236 (7), p.4783-4796
Main Authors: Liu, Yu‐Run, Cheng, Ya‐Qi, Wang, Shou‐Bi, Su, Ya‐Ru, Liu, Ying, Li, Chao‐Yang, Jin, Lin, Wan, Qi, Sang, Xuan, Wang, Zhi‐Chong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Anticancer properties
Apoptosis
Cancer
Cell proliferation
cell senescence
Chemotherapy
Cytokines
Extracellular vesicles
extracellular vesicles (EVs)
miRNA
Phenotypes
Senescence
stem cell
Stem cells
Tumor microenvironment
Vesicles
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Summary:Senescent cells can secrete a plethora of cytokines which induce senescent phenotype of neighboring cells and was called senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. Previously, it was believed that cancer was caused by the infinite division and uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Based on this, anticancer treatments were all aimed at killing cancer cells. Cancer is now considered an age‐related disease. Cancer cells are not exogenous, but one of the worst results of injuries which initially induce cell senescence. Therefore, reversing cell senescence can fundamentally prevent and treat cancer. Though current anticancer treatments induce the cancer cells apoptosis, they induce senescence of normal cells at the same time, thus promoting the occurrence and development of cancer and forming a vicious circle. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized vesicles which partially mirror their parent cells. In the tumor microenvironment, EVs of senescent cells can change the expression profile of cancer cells, contributing to their resistance to chemotherapy. There is growing evidence indicates that stem cell EVs exert effective antiaging and anticancer actions by transferring functional microRNAs and proteins. This review will summarize the therapeutic role of stem cell EVs in reversing aging and cancer, which suggests the broad clinical application perspective. The therapeutic effects of SC‐EVs on aging and cancer. SC‐EVs can reverse aging as well as inhibit cancer growth, viability, and metastasis through various mechanisms.
ISSN:0021-9541
1097-4652
DOI:10.1002/jcp.30212