Unfolding Nrf2 in diabetes mellitus

• Published in: Molecular biology reports 2021, Vol.48 (1), p.927-939
• Main Authors: Behl, Tapan, Kaur, Ishnoor, Sehgal, Aayush, Sharma, Eshita, Kumar, Arun, Grover, Madhuri, Bungau, Simona
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal Anatomy; Animal Biochemistry; Animals; Antioxidant Response Elements; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Clinical trials; Clinical Trials as Topic; Curcumin - analogs & derivatives; Curcumin - therapeutic use; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - genetics; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - pathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology; Diabetic Nephropathies - drug therapy; Diabetic Nephropathies - genetics; Diabetic Nephropathies - metabolism; Diabetic Nephropathies - pathology; Free radicals; Gene Expression Regulation; Histology; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - genetics; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 - metabolism; Life Sciences; Morbidity; Morphology; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism; NRF2 protein; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Protein Binding; Reactive Oxygen Species - antagonists & inhibitors; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Regulatory sequences; Review; Signal Transduction
• ISSN: 0301-4851; 1573-4978
• DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06081-3

In spite of much awareness, diabetes mellitus continues to remain one of major reasons for mortality and morbidity rate all over the globe. Free radicals cause oxidative stress which is responsible for causing diabetes. The recent advancements in elucidation of ARE/keap1/Nrf2 pathway can help in better understanding of diabetes mellitus. Various clinical trials and animal studies have shown the promising effect of Nrf2 pathway in reversing diabetes by counteracting with the oxidative stress produced. The gene is known to dissociate from Keap1 on coming in contact with such stresses to show preventive and prognosis effect. The Nrf2 gene has been marked as a molecular player in dealing with wide intracellular as well as extracellular cellular interactions in different diseases. The regulation of this gene gives some transcription factor that contain antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their promoter region and thus are responsible for encoding certain proteins involved in regulation of metabolic and detoxifying enzymes.