Biophysical phenotyping of mesenchymal stem cells along the osteogenic differentiation pathway

Mesenchymal stem cells represent an important resource, for bone regenerative medicine and therapeutic applications. This review focuses on new advancements and biophysical tools which exploit different physical and chemical markers of mesenchymal stem cell populations, to finely characterize phenot...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell biology and toxicology 2021-12, Vol.37 (6), p.915-933
Main Authors: Gavazzo, Paola, Viti, Federica, Donnelly, Hannah, Oliva, Mariana Azevedo Gonzalez, Salmeron-Sanchez, Manuel, Dalby, Matthew J., Vassalli, Massimo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biomarkers
Biomechanics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical materials
Cell Biology
Cell Differentiation
Cells, Cultured
Differentiation (biology)
Invasiveness
Ion channels
Life Sciences
Mechanical properties
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Morphometry
Nanoindentation
Original Paper
Osteogenesis
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Phenotypes
Phenotyping
Populations
Regenerative medicine
Stem cells
Therapeutic applications
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Summary:Mesenchymal stem cells represent an important resource, for bone regenerative medicine and therapeutic applications. This review focuses on new advancements and biophysical tools which exploit different physical and chemical markers of mesenchymal stem cell populations, to finely characterize phenotype changes along their osteogenic differentiation process. Special attention is paid to recently developed label-free methods, which allow monitoring cell populations with minimal invasiveness. Among them, quantitative phase imaging, suitable for single-cell morphometric analysis, and nanoindentation, functional to cellular biomechanics investigation. Moreover, the pool of ion channels expressed in cells during differentiation is discussed, with particular interest for calcium homoeostasis.Altogether, a biophysical perspective of osteogenesis is proposed, offering a valuable tool for the assessment of the cell stage, but also suggesting potential physiological links between apparently independent phenomena.
ISSN:0742-2091
1573-6822
DOI:10.1007/s10565-020-09569-7