Efficient protection against Asia1 type foot-and-mouth disease using a chimeric vaccine strain suitable for East Asia

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology 2021-02, Vol.253, p.108975-108975, Article 108975
• Main Authors: Ko, Mi-Kyeong, Jo, Hye-Eun, Choi, Joo-Hyung, You, Su-Hwa, Shin, Sung Ho, Hwang, Seong Yun, Jo, Hyundong, Kim, Hyun Mi, Lee, Min Ja, Kim, Su-Mi, Kim, Byounghan, Park, Jong-Hyeon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibodies; Asia1 serotype; Cattle; Foot & mouth disease; Foot-and-mouth disease; Immune response; Immune system; Immunogenicity; Pig; Strains (organisms); Vaccine; Vaccines
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108975

•Two chimeric vaccines were designed for foot-and-mouth disease virus Asia1 serotype.•The ASM-R vaccine was designed to target the G–V lineage.•The ASM-SM vaccine was a chimeric form of the G–V and the Shamir strain.•Vaccinated cattle and pigs showed fast and high neutralizing antibodies production.•ASM-R and ASM-SM vaccines led to 100 % protection against the Shamir strain in pigs. The type Asia1 genetic group(G)-V lineage foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus was identified in the East-Asian region in 2009. To date, only Shamir has been used as a standard vaccine strain worldwide for type Asia1. To prevent type Asia1 FMD in eastern Asia, two vaccine strains (ASM-R: G–V and ASM-SM: G–V/Shamir fusion) were developed and tested against type Asia1 virus strains. After immunization with the two experimental vaccines, the ASM-SM strain showed a higher level of protection against Shamir virus in mice. Additional immunogenicity tests were carried out in cattle and pigs, revealing sufficient antibody production capable of protecting the animals against the viral challenge. In cattle, the immune response started just 2 weeks after vaccination. Immunogenicity was lower in pigs, but antibody production was greatly increased to a high level after a second vaccination round. In particular, herein, 60 % and 100 % of the vaccinated pigs challenged with the Asia1 Shamir virus were determined to be clinically protected after one and two vaccination rounds with ASM-R, respectively. Pigs vaccinated twice produced sufficient antibody titers with low virus shedding for short time. Moreover, ASM-SM single-vaccinated pigs showed 100 % protection when challenged with the Asia1 Shamir virus. In summary, the vaccine strain ASM-SM designed for the defense of the Asian region efficiently granted protection to pigs against the typical Asia1 virus, Shamir.