Diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis: Major review

Giant cell arteritis is a medical emergency because of the high risk of irreversible blindness and cerebrovascular accidents. While elevated inflammatory markers, temporal artery biopsy and modern imaging modalities are useful diagnostic aids, thorough history taking and clinical acumen still remain...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 2021-03, Vol.49 (2), p.169-185
Main Authors: Simon, Sumu, Ninan, Jem, Hissaria, Pravin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arteritis
Autoimmune diseases
Biopsy
Blindness
clinical features
Diagnosis
giant cell arteritis
Glucocorticoids
Inflammation
modern imaging modalities
steroid sparing agents
steroids
Stroke
Vein & artery diseases
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Summary:Giant cell arteritis is a medical emergency because of the high risk of irreversible blindness and cerebrovascular accidents. While elevated inflammatory markers, temporal artery biopsy and modern imaging modalities are useful diagnostic aids, thorough history taking and clinical acumen still remain key elements in establishing a timely diagnosis. Glucocorticoids are the cornerstone of treatment but are associated with high relapse rates and side effects. Targeted biologic agents may open up new treatment approaches in the future.
ISSN:1442-6404
1442-9071
DOI:10.1111/ceo.13897