Protein Isolates from Raw and Cooked Foxtail Millet Attenuate Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Mice

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research 2021-03, Vol.65 (6), p.e2000365-n/a
• Main Authors: Fu, Yongxia, Yin, Ruiyang, Guo, Erhu, Cheng, Ruhong, Diao, Xianmin, Xue, Yong, Shen, Qun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT protein; Animals; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Coenzyme A; Cooking; Desaturase; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - diet therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - etiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - pathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology; Dysbacteriosis; foxtail millet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; GLP‐1R/PI3K/AKT pathway; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor - metabolism; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; gut microbiota; Homeostasis; Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intestinal microflora; Intolerance; Kinases; Lipids; Male; Metabolic disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiota; Millet; Oral administration; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism; Plant Proteins, Dietary - isolation & purification; Plant Proteins, Dietary - pharmacology; protein isolate; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism; Rewiring; rRNA 16S; Setaria italica; Setaria Plant - chemistry; Signs and symptoms; Streptozocin; type 2 diabetes; Weight loss; Western blotting
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000365

Scope Millet protein has received much attention due to its beneficial role in alleviating metabolic disease symptoms. This study aims to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of foxtail millet protein isolates, including protein isolates from raw and cooked foxtail millet in alleviating diabetes, including gut microbiota and intracellular signal pathways. Methods and results Protein isolates from raw and cooked foxtail millet are orally administered to streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice for 5 weeks before hypoglycemic effect evaluation. The results show that foxtail millet protein isolates improve glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in diabetic mice. However, only the protein isolate from cooked foxtail millet reverse the weight loss trend and alleviate lipid disorders in diabetic mice. Besides, 16S rRNA sequencing show that both raw and cooked foxtail millet protein isolates altered diabetes‐induced gut dysbiosis. In addition, western blotting analysis indicated that the protein isolate from cooked foxtail millet increases the expression levels of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R), phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), and phosphoinositide‐protein kinase B (p‐AKT)/AKT while the protein isolate from raw foxtail millet downregulates stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) level. Conclusion Both raw and cooked foxtail millet protein isolates can exert hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice through rewiring glucose homeostasis, mitigating diabetes‐induced gut dysbiosis, and affecting the GLP‐1R/PI3K/AKT pathway. Protein isolates from raw and cooked foxtail millet (PIR and PIC) both improve glucose metabolism disorders in diabetic mice. Modulation of gut microbiota composition and activation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R)/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway along with downregulation of stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase 1(SCD1) levelare associated with the attenuation effect of PIR and PIC on diabetes.