Can High-Intensity Interval Training Promote Skeletal Muscle Anabolism?

Exercise training in combination with optimal nutritional support is an effective strategy to maintain or increase skeletal muscle mass. A single bout of resistance exercise undertaken with adequate protein availability increases rates of muscle protein synthesis and, when repeated over weeks and mo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sports medicine (Auckland) 2021-03, Vol.51 (3), p.405-421
Main Authors: Callahan, Marcus J., Parr, Evelyn B., Hawley, John A., Camera, Donny M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerobic capacity
Aerobics
Biosynthesis
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Exercise
Fitness training programs
Gene expression
Hypertrophy
Interval training
Investigations
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolism
Middle age
Mortality
Musculoskeletal system
Older people
Physical fitness
Physical training
Protein biosynthesis
Proteins
Review Article
Sarcopenia
Skeletal muscle
Sports Medicine
Strength training
Surgery
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Summary:Exercise training in combination with optimal nutritional support is an effective strategy to maintain or increase skeletal muscle mass. A single bout of resistance exercise undertaken with adequate protein availability increases rates of muscle protein synthesis and, when repeated over weeks and months, leads to increased muscle fiber size. While resistance-based training is considered the ‘gold standard’ for promoting muscle hypertrophy, other modes of exercise may be able to promote gains in muscle mass. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) comprises short bouts of exercise at or above the power output/speed that elicits individual maximal aerobic capacity, placing high tensile stress on skeletal muscle, and somewhat resembling the demands of resistance exercise. While HIIT induces rapid increases in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, the anabolic potential of HIIT for promoting concurrent gains in muscle mass and cardiorespiratory fitness has received less scientific inquiry. In this review, we discuss studies that have determined muscle growth responses after HIIT, with a focus on molecular responses, that provide a rationale for HIIT to be implemented among populations who are susceptible to muscle loss (e.g. middle-aged or older adults) and/or in clinical settings (e.g. pre- or post-surgery).
ISSN:0112-1642
1179-2035
DOI:10.1007/s40279-020-01397-3