Contradictory regulation of macrophages on atherosclerosis based on polarization, death and autophagy

The main pathological feature of atherosclerosis is lipid metabolism disorder and inflammation. Macrophages, as the most important immune cells in the body, run through the beginning and end of disease development. After macrophages overtake the atherosclerosis-susceptible area apolipoprotein low-de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Life sciences (1973) 2021-07, Vol.276, p.118957-118957, Article 118957
Main Authors: Zhang, Jing, Ma, Chuan-Rui, Hua, Yun-Qing, Li, Lan, Ni, Jing-Yu, Huang, Yu-Ting, Duncan, Sophia Esi, Li, Sheng, Gao, Shan, Fan, Guan-Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apolipoproteins
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - immunology
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Autophagy
Blood vessels
Cell activation
Cell death
Death
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - pathology
Lipid metabolism
Lipids
Low density lipoprotein
Macrophage Activation
Macrophages
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - pathology
Metabolism
Mortality
Phagocytosis
Phenotypes
Polarization
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Summary:The main pathological feature of atherosclerosis is lipid metabolism disorder and inflammation. Macrophages, as the most important immune cells in the body, run through the beginning and end of disease development. After macrophages overtake the atherosclerosis-susceptible area apolipoprotein low-density lipoprotein ox-LDL, they transform into foam cells that adhere to blood vessels and recruit a large number of pro-inflammatory factors to initiate the disease. Promoting the outflow of lipids in foam cells and alleviating inflammation have become the basic ideas for the study of atherosclerosis treatment strategies. The polarization of macrophages refers to the estimation of the activation of macrophages at a specific point in space and time. Determining the proportion of different macrophage phenotypes in the plaque can help identify delay or prevent disease development. However, the abnormal polarization of macrophages and the accumulation of lipid also affect the growth state of cells to some extent, thus aggravate the influence on plaque area and stability. Besides, overactive or deficient autophagy of macrophages may also lead to cell death and participate in lipid metabolism and inflammation regression. In this paper, the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis was discussed from three aspects: polarization, death, and autophagy. [Display omitted]
ISSN:0024-3205
1879-0631
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118957