Microbial communities of titanium versus zirconia abutments on implant‐supported restorations: Biodiversity composition and its impact on clinical parameters over a 3‐year longitudinal prospective study

• Published in: Clinical implant dentistry and related research 2021-04, Vol.23 (2), p.197-207
• Main Authors: Freitas, Alice Ramos, Del Rey, Yumi Chokyu, Souza Santos, Emerson, Ribeiro, Ricardo, Albuquerque Junior, Rubens Ferreira, do Nascimento, Cássio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Biofilms; Bioinformatics; clinical assessment; Clinical outcomes; Clustering; Colonization; Correlation; Dental Abutments; dental implant; Dental Implant-Abutment Design; Dental Implants; Dentistry; diagnosis; Diversity indices; Homeostasis; Humans; Mastication; Microbial activity; microbiology; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Multivariate statistical analysis; oral biofilm; Parameters; peri‐implant mucositis/inflammation; Prospective Studies; prosthodontics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; rRNA 16S; Sampling; Statistical analysis; Substrates; Teeth; Titanium; Zirconia; Zirconium; Zirconium dioxide
• ISSN: 1523-0899; 1708-8208
• DOI: 10.1111/cid.12978

Background Shifts in microbial communities are common over time, but they may disturb the host‐microbiome homeostasis and result in inflammation of the peri‐implant issues if a dysbiotic biofilm is established. Purpose Considering that different oral substrate surfaces may have a relevant impact on the microbial adhesion and colonization, the aim of this study was to investigate the microbial communities of the biofilm formed on single‐implant restorations using titanium or zirconia abutments and how they correlate with clinical parameters after 3‐years of implant loading. Materials and methods MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons was used to characterize the oral biofilms of individuals (n = 20) who were sampled longitudinally during 3 years of masticatory loading. Bioinformatics analysis and multivariate statistical analysis were used to evaluate the microbial diversity and clinical outcomes. Results Microbiomes of both abutment materials presented high alpha‐diversity indices during all the experimental period, irrespective of the time of sampling. Microbial communities of titanium and zirconia were quite different over time, differing about 30% after 3 years of functional loading. Similarity of microbiomes between tested abutments and contralateral teeth was also low, ranging between 45% and 50% after 3 years of investigation. Periodontal pathogens commonly associated with peri‐implantitis were found in both groups. Furthermore, both abutment materials presented strong correlations of diversity indices and microbial taxa with clinical outcomes. Conclusions The type of abutment substrate significantly influenced diversity and clustering of communities during 3 years of functional loading. The time of sampling had no effect on the variables. Large correlations were found between microbial findings and clinical outcomes.