Characterization and function of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria

In recent years, extracellular vesicles have gained more attention. However, studies on membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria were carried out relatively late because of the thick bacterial wall and the low production of membrane vesicles. Thanks to the research in recent years, the cognition...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2021-03, Vol.105 (5), p.1795-1801
Main Authors: Cao, Yina, Lin, Huancai
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Bile
Biofilms
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Cognition
Extracellular Vesicles
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Identification and classification
Immunoregulation
Life Sciences
Lipid metabolism
Lipids
Liposomes
Membrane vesicles
Membranes
Metabolites
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Mini-Review
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Structure
Vesicles
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Summary:In recent years, extracellular vesicles have gained more attention. However, studies on membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria were carried out relatively late because of the thick bacterial wall and the low production of membrane vesicles. Thanks to the research in recent years, the cognition of the composition and function of the membrane vesicles of Gram-positive bacteria has made significant progress. Membrane vesicles are spherical in shape comprising bilayer membranous structures with a diameter of 20–400 nm. Components of membrane vesicles are diverse, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. It also has been reported that membrane vesicles are involved in various pathophysiological processes and serve as communication tools in pathophysiological activities between the bacteria and the host. This review provided the current understanding of components and functions of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria. The findings might facilitate further research in the emerging field of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria. Key points • Membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, suggesting their biological significance. • Membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria are thought to be involved in stress response, biofilm formation, immune regulation, and so on.
ISSN:0175-7598
1432-0614
DOI:10.1007/s00253-021-11140-1