Functions of, and replenishment strategies for, chondroitin sulfate in the human body

[Display omitted] •Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is implicated in various pathophysiological conditions.•CS is used as an active ingredient as well as a targeting molecule.•The type of CS, its source and its mechanism of action need critical insights for its relevant application.•The strategies to restor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Drug discovery today 2021-05, Vol.26 (5), p.1185-1199
Main Authors: Mishra, Sarita, Ganguli, Munia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging - physiology
Animals
Chondroitin Sulfates - administration & dosage
Chondroitin Sulfates - chemistry
Chondroitin Sulfates - metabolism
Humans
Inflammation - pathology
Inflammation - therapy
Osteoarthritis - pathology
Osteoarthritis - therapy
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is implicated in various pathophysiological conditions.•CS is used as an active ingredient as well as a targeting molecule.•The type of CS, its source and its mechanism of action need critical insights for its relevant application.•The strategies to restore CS are limited and require extensive research.•We comprehensively review properties of CS and its therapeutic potential. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) belongs to a class of molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These are long, linear chains of polysaccharides comprising alternating amino sugars and hexuronic acid. Similar to other GAGs, CS is important in a multitude of biological activities. Alteration of CS levels has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA) and other inflammatory diseases, as well as physiological conditions, such as aging. Therefore, devising replenishment strategies for this molecule is an important area of research. In this review, we discuss the nature of CS, its function in different organs, and its implications in health and disease. We also describe different methods for the exogenous administration of CS. This review provides a detailed account of the biological properties and mechanism of action of, and delivery strategies for, chondroitin sulfate in different pathophysiological conditions, which could help researchers select appropriate strategies for its application.
ISSN:1359-6446
1878-5832
DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.029