GDF‐15: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in glioblastoma multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) belongs t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cellular physiology 2021-08, Vol.236 (8), p.5564-5581
Main Authors: Hasanpour Segherlou, Zahra, Nouri‐Vaskeh, Masoud, Noroozi Guilandehi, Sama, Baghbanzadeh, Amir, Zand, Ramin, Baradaran, Behzad, Zarei, Mohammad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Biological activity
Bone growth
Brain cancer
Brain tumors
Cancer
Drug resistance
GBM
GDF‐15
Glioblastoma
glioblastoma multiform
growth differentiation factor 15
Growth factors
Metastases
Pathogenesis
Transforming growth factor-b
Tumor suppressor genes
Tumors
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Summary:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) belongs to transforming growth factor‐β superfamily with important roles to control biological processes. It affects cancer growth and progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. It also can promote stemness in many cancers, and also can stress reactions control, bone generation, hematopoietic growth, adipose tissue performance, and body growth, and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. The role GDF‐15 to develop and progress cancer is complicated and remains unclear. GDF‐15 possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF‐15 antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts on tumor development are linked to the cancer type and stage. However, the GDF‐15 signaling and mechanism have not yet been completely identified because of no recognized cognate receptor. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF‐15 may connect to the evolution of glioblastoma multiform. The antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts of GDF‐15 on tumor growth are linked to the cancer type and stage.
ISSN:0021-9541
1097-4652
DOI:10.1002/jcp.30289