Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by well-defined optic disc morphological changes (i.e., cup enlargement, neuroretinal border thinning, and notching, papillary vessel modifications) consequent to retinal ganglion cell loss, axonal degeneration, and lamina cribrosa remodeling. These modi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Survey of ophthalmology 2021-09, Vol.66 (5), p.693-713
Main Authors: Quaranta, Luciano, Bruttini, Carlo, Micheletti, Eleonora, Konstas, Anastasios G.P., Michelessi, Manuele, Oddone, Francesco, Katsanos, Andreas, Sbardella, Diego, De Angelis, Giovanni, Riva, Ivano
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autophagy
Glaucoma
Glia activation
Humans
Neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Optic Disk
Optic Nerve Diseases - etiology
Proteostasis network
Retinal ganglion cells
Retinal Ganglion Cells - physiology
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Summary:Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by well-defined optic disc morphological changes (i.e., cup enlargement, neuroretinal border thinning, and notching, papillary vessel modifications) consequent to retinal ganglion cell loss, axonal degeneration, and lamina cribrosa remodeling. These modifications tend to be progressive and are the main cause of functional damage in glaucoma. Despite the latest findings about the pathophysiology of the disease, the exact trigger mechanisms and the mechanism of degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons have not been completely elucidated. Neuroinflammation may play a role in both the development and the progression of the disease as a result of its effects on retinal environment and retinal ganglion cells. We summarize the latest findings about neuroinflammation in glaucoma and examine the connection between risk factors, neuroinflammation, and retinal ganglion cell degeneration.
ISSN:0039-6257
1879-3304
DOI:10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.02.003