Development of a LC-MS/MS method to measure serum 3-sulfate and 3-glucuronide 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites; comparisons to unconjugated 25OHD in pregnancy and polycystic ovary syndrome

• Published in: Steroids 2021-05, Vol.169, p.108812, Article 108812
• Main Authors: Huynh, K., Kempegowda, P., Tamblyn, J., O' Reilly, M.W., Mueller, J.W., Hewison, M., Jenkinson, C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Calcifediol - blood; Chromatography, Liquid - methods; Conjugation; Female; Glucuronides - blood; Humans; LC-MS/MS; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Method development; PCOS; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - blood; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - metabolism; Pregnancy; Sulfates - blood; Sulfates - metabolism; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood
• ISSN: 0039-128X; 1878-5867; 1878-5867
• DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108812

•LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of 3-sulfate and 3-glucuronide 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.•Serum concentration ranges of 3-sulfate and 3-glucuronide-25-hydroxyvitamin D3.•Correlation observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and unconjugated metabolites.•Changes in proportion of metabolites observed across pregnancy and in polycystic ovary syndrome. Vitamin D status is routinely assessed by measuring circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD2 or 25OHD3). However as deconjugation is not routinely incorporated into sample treatment prior to analysis, conjugated forms of 25OHD (particularly the more abundant 25OHD3) are often not considered in determining serum concentrations of total 25OHD. Two major circulating conjugated forms of 25OHD3 are 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-3-sulfate (25OHD3-S) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-3-glucuronide (25OHD3-G). Incorporating these two conjugated metabolites into the measurement of vitamin D status could improve our understanding of vitamin D status in health, particularly if there are changes in sulfation and glucuronidation activities. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) targeted method for measurement of 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G in serum to enable comparisons with circulating levels of the free 25OHD3 form. We developed and validated a new LC-MS/MS method that measured both 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G following a solid phase extraction sample preparation method. Partial separation of analytes by LC, and the separation of analytes by the optimized multiple reaction monitoring transitions enabled the quantitation of both 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G in the single method. Serum concentrations of 25OHD3-S (24.7 ± 11.8 ng/mL) and 25OHD3-G (2.4 ± 1.2 ng/mL) were shown to be a significant proportion of circulating vitamin D metabolites in healthy donor serums. These levels of 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G closely associated with 25OHD3 concentrations, r = 0.728, p = 0.001 and r = 0.632, p = 0.006 respectively. However in serum from pregnant women and non-pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) significant differences in the ratios between conjugated and free 25OHD3 were observed between pregnancy groups (25OHD3/25OHD3-S and 25OHD3/25OHD3-G p