Phytoparasitic nematodes of organic vegetables in the Argan Biosphere of Souss-Massa (Southern Morocco)

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-12, Vol.28 (45), p.64166-64180
• Main Authors: Filali Alaoui, Ilyass, Ait Hamza, Mohamed, Benjlil, Hinde, Idhmida, Amine, Braimi, Amina, Mzough, Elmahdi, Hallouti, Ayoub, Basaid, Khadija, Furze, James Nicholas, Zasada, Inga A, Paulitz, Timothy, Ferji, Zahra, El Mousadik, Abdelhamid, Mayad, El Hassan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biological effects; Biological treatment; Biosphere; Climate change; Control methods; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecological effects; Ecological studies; Ecotoxicology; Emerging Harmony and Biodynamic Interactions; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Feeders; Genera; Magnesium; Nematodes; Organic farming; Organic matter; Organic soils; Soil properties; Soil quality; Soil texture; Soils; Sustainability management; Sustainable agriculture; Taxonomy; Texture; Vegetables; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12986-8

Agroecological productivity of the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve of Morocco is limited by the wide spread and dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN). Ecological studies of nematode communities are required to develop effective biological management of these bioagressors as conventional control methods of PPN are inadequate and have persistent harmful effects. Fifty-nine organic vegetable soils in Souss-Massa were nematologically sampled, and assessment of taxonomic proliferation was made in relation to host species, geographical origin, and climatic and microclimatic factors. Twenty-four nematode genera were identified as obligate and facultative plant feeders. Taxonomic diversity increased from Chtouka to Taroudant and Tiznit provinces. Soil texture, organic matter, pH, nitrogen, zinc, magnesium, copper, altitude, and humidity and temperature were seen to effect driving roles in the abundance, distribution, and community structures of nematodes. The most prevalent taxa posing a high risk to organic agriculture of Souss Massa were needle nematodes ( Longidorus spp.) and root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.). Edaphic and climatic variables effected nematode populations greatly. A combination of biological treatments and appropriate agroecological practices restricting important economic PPN growth and enhancing soil quality are required to achieve sustainable management in the area.