Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid by TiO2 modified catalyst: kinetics and operating cost analysis

Effective pesticide remediation technology demands amendments in the advanced oxidation process for its continuous treatment and catalyst recovery. The evidence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an herbicide in water bodies, poses a major environmental threat to both humans and aquatic orga...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-07, Vol.28 (25), p.33331-33343
Main Authors: Balakrishnan, Akash, Gopalram, Keerthiga, Appunni, Sowmya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4-D
Acids
Aquatic organisms
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Beads
Biodegradation
Catalysts
Chitosan
Commercialization
Cost analysis
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental impact
Environmental science
Herbicides
Intermediates
Irradiation
Kinetics
Operating costs
Oxidation
Oxidation process
Pesticides
Photocatalysis
Photodegradation
Reaction kinetics
Reactors
Research Article
Titanium dioxide
Ultraviolet radiation
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:Effective pesticide remediation technology demands amendments in the advanced oxidation process for its continuous treatment and catalyst recovery. The evidence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an herbicide in water bodies, poses a major environmental threat to both humans and aquatic organisms. In the present study, a recirculation type photocatalytic reactor was developed to treat 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using chitosan-TiO 2 beads prepared via impregnation method under UV light. At optimized conditions, chitosan-TiO 2 beads showed a maximum photocatalytic degradation of 86% than commercial TiO 2 (65%) and followed pseudo first-order reaction. The 2,4-D degradation follows pseudo first-order kinetics under UV irradiation with a rate constant of 0.12 h −1 , and the intermediates were identified using LCMS analysis. The total operational cost of the chitosan-TiO 2 catalyst was found to be profitable (Rs. 1323 for 2 L) than that of TiO 2 (Rs. 1679) at optimized conditions. The beads were reusable up to 4 consecutive cycles without loss in efficiency. This study briefs photocatalytic removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a recirculation-type reactor for its reliability, low cost, efficiency, reusability, and commercialization.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-12928-4