Effects of Robotic Neurorehabilitation on Body Representation in Individuals with Stroke: A Preliminary Study Focusing on an EEG-Based Approach

Patients with stroke can experience a drastic change in their body representation (BR), beyond the physical and psychological consequences of stroke itself. Noteworthy, the misperception of BR could affect patients' motor performance even more. Our study aimed at evaluating the usefulness of a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain topography 2021-05, Vol.34 (3), p.348-362
Main Authors: Maggio, Maria Grazia, Naro, Antonino, Manuli, Alfredo, Maresca, Giuseppa, Balletta, Tina, Latella, Desirèe, De Luca, Rosaria, Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Body Image
Computer applications
EEG
Electroencephalography
Excitability
Feedback
Gait
Humans
Motor task performance
Neural networks
Neurology
Neurosciences
Original Paper
Psychiatry
Recovery of function
Rehabilitation
Robotic Surgical Procedures
Robotics
Sensorimotor integration
Sensorimotor system
Stroke
Virtual reality
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Summary:Patients with stroke can experience a drastic change in their body representation (BR), beyond the physical and psychological consequences of stroke itself. Noteworthy, the misperception of BR could affect patients' motor performance even more. Our study aimed at evaluating the usefulness of a robot-aided gait training (RAGT) equipped with augmented visuomotor feedback, expected to target BR (RAGT + VR) in improving lower limb sensorimotor function, gait performance (using Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale for lower extremities, FMA-LE), and BR (using the Body Esteem Scale—BES- and the Body Uneasiness Test—BUT), as compared to RAGT − VR. We also assessed the neurophysiologic basis putatively subtending the BR-based motor function recovery, using EEG recording during RAGT. Forty-five patients with stroke were enrolled in this study and randomized with a 1:2 ratio into either the RAGT + VR (n = 30) or the RAGT − VR (n = 15) group. The former group carried out rehabilitation training with the Lokomat©Pro; whereas, the latter used the Lokomat©Nanos. The rehabilitation protocol consisted of 40 one-hour training sessions. At the end of the training, the RAGT + VR improved in FMA-LE ( p 
ISSN:0896-0267
1573-6792
DOI:10.1007/s10548-021-00825-5