No difference in HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance between CSF and blood compartments

• Published in: Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2021-05, Vol.76 (6), p.1553-1557
• Main Authors: Abdi, Basma, Chebbi, Mouna, Wirden, Marc, Teyssou, Elisa, Sayon, Sophie, Palich, Romain, Seang, Sophie, Valantin, Marc-Antoine, Simon, Anne, Tubiana, Roland, Katlama, Christine, Calvez, Vincent, Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève, Soulie, Cathia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0305-7453; 1460-2091
• DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab064

Background Little is known about HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance in the CNS. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate integrase inhibitor resistance in CSF, as a marker of the CNS, and compare it with the resistance in plasma. Methods HIV integrase was sequenced both in plasma and CSF for 59 HIV-1 patients. The clinical and biological data were collected from clinical routine care. Results Among the 59 HIV-1 patients, 32 (54.2%) were under antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. The median (IQR) HIV-1 RNA in the plasma of viraemic patients was 5.32 (3.85–5.80) and 3.59 (2.16–4.50) log10 copies/mL versus 4.79 (3.56–5.25) and 3.80 (2.68–4.33) log10 copies/mL in the CSF of ARV-naive and ARV-treated patients, respectively. The patients were mainly infected with non-B subtypes (72.2%) with the most prevalent recombinant form being CRF02_AG (42.4%). The HIV-1 integrase sequences from CSF presented resistance mutations for 9/27 (33.3%) and 8/32 (25.0%) for ARV-naive (L74I, n = 3; L74I/M, n = 1; T97A, n = 1; E157Q, n = 4) and ARV-treated (L74I, n = 6; L74M, n = 1; T97A, n = 1; N155H, n = 1) patients, respectively. Integrase inhibitor resistance mutations in CSF were similar to those in plasma, except for 1/59 patients. Conclusions This work shows similar integrase inhibitor resistance profiles in the CNS and plasma in a population of HIV-1 viraemic patients.