High risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among medical and nursing students in Indonesia: a 1-year prospective study

• Published in: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2022-01, Vol.116 (1), p.10-18
• Main Authors: Apriani, Lika, McAllister, Susan, Sharples, Katrina, Aini, Isni Nurul, Nurhasanah, Hanifah, Ratnaningsih, Dwi Febni, Indrati, Agnes Rengga, Ruslami, Rovina, Alisjahbana, Bachti, van Crevel, Reinout, Hill, Philip C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Humans; Indonesia - epidemiology; Interferon-gamma Release Tests - methods; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Prospective Studies; Students, Nursing; Tuberculosis - diagnosis; Tuberculosis - epidemiology
• ISSN: 0035-9203; 1878-3503
• DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab038

Abstract Background Medical and nursing students entering their clinical programmes are at increased risk for tuberculosis (TB) in TB-endemic settings. Relatively little is known about Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among such students in high-endemic countries. Methods We examined M. tuberculosis infection among medical and nursing students starting clinical training in Bandung, Indonesia using interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus. IGRA-negative students had a repeat test after 1 y and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with IGRA positivity or conversion. Results There were 379 students included in this study: 248 (65.4%) were medical students and 131 (34.6%) were nursing students. Of 379 students, 70 (18.5%) were IGRA positive at baseline. Of 293 IGRA-negative students with 1-y results, 26 (8.9%) underwent IGRA conversion. Being a medical student (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 5.15 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.82 to 14.59], p=0.002) and participation in sputum collection or bronchoscopy were associated with IGRA conversion (ARR 2.74 [95% CI 1.29 to 5.79], p=0.008). Conclusions Medical and nursing students entering clinical training are at high risk of M. tuberculosis infection and need improved infection prevention and control strategies.