Effects of calorie restricted low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic vs. non-ketogenic diet on strength, body-composition, hormonal and lipid profile in trained middle-aged men

The aim of this paper was to investigate and compare the effects of two iso-energetic hypo-caloric ketogenic hyper-ketonemic and non-ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat high cholesterol diets on body-composition, muscle strength and hormonal profile in experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men....

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Published in:Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Scotland), 2021-04, Vol.40 (4), p.1495-1502
Main Authors: Vidić, Vladimir, Ilić, Vladimir, Toskić, Lazar, Janković, Nenad, Ugarković, Dušan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Body-composition
Insulin
Ketogenic diet
Middle-aged men
Resistance-training
Testosterone
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description The aim of this paper was to investigate and compare the effects of two iso-energetic hypo-caloric ketogenic hyper-ketonemic and non-ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat high cholesterol diets on body-composition, muscle strength and hormonal profile in experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men. Twenty non-competitive experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men were on the supervised calorie maintenance western diet and resistance-training regimen for 4 weeks and then divided into ketogenic and non-ketogenic groups for 8 weeks period. Keto bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate) levels were measured weekly, testosterone and insulin biweekly, strength and body-composition monthly, lipid profile and blood sugar level at the beginning and at the end of the study. Both groups lost a similar amount of lean body mass and fat tissue (from F = 248.665, p 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.028
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Twenty non-competitive experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men were on the supervised calorie maintenance western diet and resistance-training regimen for 4 weeks and then divided into ketogenic and non-ketogenic groups for 8 weeks period. Keto bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate) levels were measured weekly, testosterone and insulin biweekly, strength and body-composition monthly, lipid profile and blood sugar level at the beginning and at the end of the study. Both groups lost a similar amount of lean body mass and fat tissue (from F = 248.665, p &lt; 0.001 to F = 21.943, p = 0.001), but preserved maximal upper and lower body strength (from F = 1.772, p = 0.238 to F = 0.595, p = 0.577). Basal testosterone and free testosterone increased (from F = 37.267, p = 0.001 to F = 16.261, p = 0.005) and insulin levels decreased significantly in both groups (F = 27.609, p = 0.001; F = 54.256, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). No differences in lipid profile and blood sugar level were found (from F = 4.174, p = 0.058, to F = 0.065, p = 0.802). Ketogenic diet with sustained hyper-ketonemia above 1 mol/l has the same impact as low carbohydrate non-ketogenic diet on muscle strength, body-composition, and hormonal and lipid profile in hypo-caloric dietary conditions in strength-trained middle-aged men. •Low carb high fat ketogenic and non-ketogenic diets increase basal testosterone levels in strength trained middle-aged men.•Impact of the low carb high fat diet on body-composition is not correlated with the state of nutritional ketosis.•Ketogenic hyper-ketonemic diet is as effective as isocaloric non-ketogenic low carb high fat diet.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0261-5614</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-1983</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.028</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33743284</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Body-composition ; Insulin ; Ketogenic diet ; Middle-aged men ; Resistance-training ; Testosterone</subject><ispartof>Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021-04, Vol.40 (4), p.1495-1502</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. 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Twenty non-competitive experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men were on the supervised calorie maintenance western diet and resistance-training regimen for 4 weeks and then divided into ketogenic and non-ketogenic groups for 8 weeks period. Keto bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate) levels were measured weekly, testosterone and insulin biweekly, strength and body-composition monthly, lipid profile and blood sugar level at the beginning and at the end of the study. Both groups lost a similar amount of lean body mass and fat tissue (from F = 248.665, p &lt; 0.001 to F = 21.943, p = 0.001), but preserved maximal upper and lower body strength (from F = 1.772, p = 0.238 to F = 0.595, p = 0.577). Basal testosterone and free testosterone increased (from F = 37.267, p = 0.001 to F = 16.261, p = 0.005) and insulin levels decreased significantly in both groups (F = 27.609, p = 0.001; F = 54.256, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). No differences in lipid profile and blood sugar level were found (from F = 4.174, p = 0.058, to F = 0.065, p = 0.802). Ketogenic diet with sustained hyper-ketonemia above 1 mol/l has the same impact as low carbohydrate non-ketogenic diet on muscle strength, body-composition, and hormonal and lipid profile in hypo-caloric dietary conditions in strength-trained middle-aged men. •Low carb high fat ketogenic and non-ketogenic diets increase basal testosterone levels in strength trained middle-aged men.•Impact of the low carb high fat diet on body-composition is not correlated with the state of nutritional ketosis.•Ketogenic hyper-ketonemic diet is as effective as isocaloric non-ketogenic low carb high fat diet.</description><subject>Body-composition</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Ketogenic diet</subject><subject>Middle-aged men</subject><subject>Resistance-training</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><issn>0261-5614</issn><issn>1532-1983</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kctu1DAUhiMEokPhBVggL1k0wZfYcSQ2qCoUqRIbWFuOfTzxkNiD7Wk1D8U74tEUukM6kq2j__zn8jXNW4I7gon4sOvMEg4dxZR0mNaQz5oN4Yy2ZJTsebPBVJCWC9JfNK9y3mGMORvky-aCsaFnVPab5veNc2BKRtEho5eYPKAEuSRvCli0xIeaTlOcjzbpAmj22xk5XdBPKHELwRt0nzsUYmifMtZDQTGgagNhW-YrNEV7bE1c9zH74mO4QnNMawx6QTrUNn7vLdqn6PwCyAdUkvah9l-9tQu0env6Q3jdvHB6yfDm8b1sfny--X592959-_L1-tNdaxgXpTWjNFKQabTMETKMQy8cpwLjXnLgdpSk74eJcyZBGyZ7bB12HLtBTEQwodll8_7sW0f6dajnUKvPBpZFB4iHrCjHrGdCDqxK6VlqUsw5gVP75FedjopgdcKkduqESZ0wKUxryFr07tH_MK1g_5X85VIFH88CqFvee0gqGw_BgPWp4lI2-v_5_wFeMKZG</recordid><startdate>202104</startdate><enddate>202104</enddate><creator>Vidić, Vladimir</creator><creator>Ilić, Vladimir</creator><creator>Toskić, Lazar</creator><creator>Janković, Nenad</creator><creator>Ugarković, Dušan</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202104</creationdate><title>Effects of calorie restricted low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic vs. non-ketogenic diet on strength, body-composition, hormonal and lipid profile in trained middle-aged men</title><author>Vidić, Vladimir ; Ilić, Vladimir ; Toskić, Lazar ; Janković, Nenad ; Ugarković, Dušan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-c98c861b9d3f1179746f52600485e5d981447b5538eac3840df0f50f76b1636a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Body-composition</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Ketogenic diet</topic><topic>Middle-aged men</topic><topic>Resistance-training</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vidić, Vladimir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ilić, Vladimir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toskić, Lazar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Janković, Nenad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ugarković, Dušan</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vidić, Vladimir</au><au>Ilić, Vladimir</au><au>Toskić, Lazar</au><au>Janković, Nenad</au><au>Ugarković, Dušan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of calorie restricted low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic vs. non-ketogenic diet on strength, body-composition, hormonal and lipid profile in trained middle-aged men</atitle><jtitle>Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2021-04</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1495</spage><epage>1502</epage><pages>1495-1502</pages><issn>0261-5614</issn><eissn>1532-1983</eissn><abstract>The aim of this paper was to investigate and compare the effects of two iso-energetic hypo-caloric ketogenic hyper-ketonemic and non-ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat high cholesterol diets on body-composition, muscle strength and hormonal profile in experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men. Twenty non-competitive experienced resistance-trained middle-aged men were on the supervised calorie maintenance western diet and resistance-training regimen for 4 weeks and then divided into ketogenic and non-ketogenic groups for 8 weeks period. Keto bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate) levels were measured weekly, testosterone and insulin biweekly, strength and body-composition monthly, lipid profile and blood sugar level at the beginning and at the end of the study. Both groups lost a similar amount of lean body mass and fat tissue (from F = 248.665, p &lt; 0.001 to F = 21.943, p = 0.001), but preserved maximal upper and lower body strength (from F = 1.772, p = 0.238 to F = 0.595, p = 0.577). Basal testosterone and free testosterone increased (from F = 37.267, p = 0.001 to F = 16.261, p = 0.005) and insulin levels decreased significantly in both groups (F = 27.609, p = 0.001; F = 54.256, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). No differences in lipid profile and blood sugar level were found (from F = 4.174, p = 0.058, to F = 0.065, p = 0.802). Ketogenic diet with sustained hyper-ketonemia above 1 mol/l has the same impact as low carbohydrate non-ketogenic diet on muscle strength, body-composition, and hormonal and lipid profile in hypo-caloric dietary conditions in strength-trained middle-aged men. •Low carb high fat ketogenic and non-ketogenic diets increase basal testosterone levels in strength trained middle-aged men.•Impact of the low carb high fat diet on body-composition is not correlated with the state of nutritional ketosis.•Ketogenic hyper-ketonemic diet is as effective as isocaloric non-ketogenic low carb high fat diet.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>33743284</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.028</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Body-composition
Insulin
Ketogenic diet
Middle-aged men
Resistance-training
Testosterone
title Effects of calorie restricted low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic vs. non-ketogenic diet on strength, body-composition, hormonal and lipid profile in trained middle-aged men
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