Antigenic and molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2017 through 2019

Sub-Saharan Africa was historically considered an animal influenza cold spot, with only sporadic highly pathogenic H5 outbreaks detected over the last 20 years. However, in 2017, low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses were detected in poultry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular, phylogenetic, a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging microbes & infections 2021-01, Vol.10 (1), p.753-761
Main Authors: Fusade-Boyer, Maxime, Djegui, Fidélia, Batawui, Komla, Byuragaba, Denis K., Jones, Jeremy C., Wabwire-Mangeni, Fred, Erima, Bernard, Atim, Gladys, Ukuli, Qouilazoni A., Tugume, Titus, Dogno, Koffi, Adjabli, Komlan, Nzuzi, Mvibudulu, Adjin, Rachidatou, Jeevan, Trushar, Rubrum, Adam, Go-Maro, Wolali, Kayali, Ghazi, McKenzie, Pamela, Webby, Richard J., Ducatez, Mariette F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Africa
Africa South of the Sahara
Animals
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
antigenic cartography
Antigenic Variation
Chickens - virology
Cross Reactions
Evolution, Molecular
Humans
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - genetics
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - immunology
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - pathogenicity
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - physiology
Influenza in Birds - virology
Influenza virus
Influenza, Human - virology
Life Sciences
one health
Phylogeny
Poultry Diseases - virology
Virulence
Virus Replication
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Summary:Sub-Saharan Africa was historically considered an animal influenza cold spot, with only sporadic highly pathogenic H5 outbreaks detected over the last 20 years. However, in 2017, low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses were detected in poultry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular, phylogenetic, and antigenic characterization of isolates from Benin, Togo, and Uganda showed that they belonged to the G1 lineage. Isolates from Benin and Togo clustered with viruses previously described in Western Africa, whereas viruses from Uganda were genetically distant and clustered with viruses from the Middle East. Viruses from Benin exhibited decreased cross-reactivity with those from Togo and Uganda, suggesting antigenic drift associated with reduced replication in Calu-3 cells. The viruses exhibited mammalian adaptation markers similar to those of the human strain A/Senegal/0243/2019 (H9N2). Therefore, viral genetic and antigenic surveillance in Africa is of paramount importance to detect further evolution or emergence of new zoonotic strains.
ISSN:2222-1751
2222-1751
DOI:10.1080/22221751.2021.1908097