Angiotensin receptors in the kidney and vasculature in hypertension and kidney disease

Kidney disease, blood pressure determination, hypertension pathogenesis, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are inextricably linked. Hence, understanding the RAS is pivotal to unraveling the pathophysiology of hypertension and the determinants to maintaining normal blood pressure. The RAS has be...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2021-06, Vol.529, p.111259-111259, Article 111259
Main Authors: Rianto, Fitra, Hoang, Thien, Revoori, Ritika, Sparks, Matthew A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiotensin
Cre Lox P
Hypertension
Immune system
Intercalated cells
Kidney
Macrophages
Mouse models
Principal cells
Proximal tubule
T cells
Vasculature
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Summary:Kidney disease, blood pressure determination, hypertension pathogenesis, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are inextricably linked. Hence, understanding the RAS is pivotal to unraveling the pathophysiology of hypertension and the determinants to maintaining normal blood pressure. The RAS has been the subject of intense investigation for over a century. Moreover, medications that block the RAS are mainstay therapies in clinical medicine and have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, cardiovascular, and kidney diseases. The main effector peptide of the RAS is the interaction of the octapeptide- Ang II with its receptor. The type 1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R) is the effector receptor for Ang II. These G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitously expressed in a variety of cell lineages and tissues relevant to cardiovascular disease throughout the body. The advent of cell specific deletion of genes using Cre LoxP technology in mice has allowed for the identification of discreet actions of AT1Rs in blood pressure control and kidney disease. The kidney is one of the major targets of the RAS, which is responsible in maintaining fluid, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure. In this review we will discuss the role of AT1Rs in the kidney, vasculature, and immune cells and address their effects on hypertension and kidney disease.
ISSN:0303-7207
1872-8057
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111259