Hepatoprotective Effects of Polydatin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles in Diabetic Rats: Modulation of Glucose Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Biomarkers

• Published in: Biochemistry (Moscow) 2021-02, Vol.86 (2), p.179-189
• Main Authors: Abd El-Hameed, Abeer M., Yousef, Ahmed I., Abd El-Twab, Sanaa M., El-Shahawy, Ahmed A. G., Abdel-Moneim, Adel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Bioavailability; Biochemistry; Biomarkers; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Bioorganic Chemistry; Blood sugar; Carbohydrate metabolism; Carbohydrates; Catalase; Chitosan; Damage; Dehydrogenase; Dehydrogenases; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes therapy; Enzymes; Glucokinase; Glucose; Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase; Glucose metabolism; Glucose transporter; Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Glycogen; Glycogens; Inflammation; Interleukins; Isoenzymes; Life Sciences; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Liver; Liver diseases; Metabolism; Metformin; Microbiology; Nanoparticles; Nicotinamide; Oxidative metabolism; Oxidative stress; Peroxidase; Peroxidation; Physiological aspects; Pyruvate kinase; Pyruvic acid; Rodents; Streptozocin; Succinate dehydrogenase; Superoxide; Superoxide dismutase
• ISSN: 0006-2979; 1608-3040
• DOI: 10.1134/S0006297921020061

Polydatin (PD) has a broad range of pharmacological activities; however, its effects on diabetic liver damage are poorly studies. This work is aimed to explore possible protective effects of polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PD-CSNPs) or PD against liver damage associated with diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats using nicotinamide/streptozotocin treatment. Diabetic rats were then divided into six groups: normal control rats, diabetic control rats, and rats orally treated with PD, PD-CSNPs, equivalent unloaded CSNPs, or metformin daily for 4 weeks. Treatment with PD and PD-CSNPs significantly reduced the blood glucose content, lipid peroxidation in the liver, and activities of serum transaminases and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (including succinate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase); by contrast, liver glycogen content, glutathione concentration, and activities of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were markedly increased compared with the control diabetic rats. Furthermore, expression of the tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β mRNAs was significantly downregulated, while expression of glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase mRNAs was strongly upregulated vs. control diabetic rats. We concluded that PD-CSNPs and PD ameliorate diabetic liver damage by modulating glucose transporter 2 expression, affecting the activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, PD-CSNPs being more efficient than PD, probably due to higher bioavailability and prolonged release.