How plants grow under gravity conditions besides 1 g: perspectives from hypergravity and space experiments that employ bryophytes as a model organism

• Published in: Plant molecular biology 2021-11, Vol.107 (4-5), p.279-291
• Main Authors: Kume, Atsushi, Kamachi, Hiroyuki, Onoda, Yusuke, Hanba, Yuko T., Hiwatashi, Yuji, Karahara, Ichirou, Fujita, Tomomichi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Angiosperms; Aquatic plants; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Bryopsida - cytology; Bryopsida - growth & development; Bryopsida - metabolism; Cell culture; Cell Division - physiology; Chloroplasts; Cytoskeleton - metabolism; Earth; Experiments; Gravitation; Gravitropism; Gravity; Hypergravity; Life Sciences; Meristem - cytology; Meristem - growth & development; Meristem - metabolism; Models, Biological; Molecular Biology of Mosses; Morphogenesis; Mosses; Photosynthesis; Photosynthesis - physiology; Plant Pathology; Plant Sciences; Plant Shoots - cytology; Plant Shoots - growth & development; Plant Shoots - metabolism; Review; Rhizoids; Space Flight - methods
• ISSN: 0167-4412; 1573-5028
• DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01146-8

Plants have evolved and grown under the selection pressure of gravitational force at 1 g on Earth. In response to this selection pressure, plants have acquired gravitropism to sense gravity and change their growth direction. In addition, plants also adjust their morphogenesis in response to different gravitational forces in a phenomenon known as gravity resistance. However, the gravity resistance phenomenon in plants is poorly understood due to the prevalence of 1 g gravitational force on Earth: not only it is difficult to culture plants at gravity > 1 g (hypergravity) for a long period of time but it is also impossible to create a