Characterization of weld solidification cracking in a duplex stainless steel

Weld solidification cracking in the duplex stainless steel SAF 2205 has been investigated and compared with that of alternate duplex and austenitic stainless steels. Varestraint weld-ability testing showed SAF 2205 to exhibit a lower cracking susceptibility than that of the duplex stainless steel Fe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metallography 1989-07, Vol.23 (1), p.1-19
Main Authors: Varol, I., Baeslack, W.A., Lippold, J.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science
rheology
Exact sciences and technology
Joining, thermal cutting: metallurgical aspects
Materials science
Metals, semimetals and alloys
Metals. Metallurgy
Physics
Specific materials
Welding
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Summary:Weld solidification cracking in the duplex stainless steel SAF 2205 has been investigated and compared with that of alternate duplex and austenitic stainless steels. Varestraint weld-ability testing showed SAF 2205 to exhibit a lower cracking susceptibility than that of the duplex stainless steel Ferralium 255 but greater than that of a Type 304 austenitic stainless steel which solidified as ferrite and exhibited Ferrite Number 8 (FN 8) in the weld fusion zone. The high augmented strain levels required to induce cracking in these three alloys during Varestraint testing indicated a high resistance to solidification cracking at strain levels normally encountered in structural weldments. Cracking susceptibilities of the duplex and Type 304/FN-8 stainless steels were appreciably lower than that of a Type 304L stainless steel which solidified entirely to austenite and exhibited less than FN 1 in the weld fusion zone. Microstructural characterization of SAF 2205 using conventional black-and-white and two different color metallography techniques showed solidification cracks to be associated with ferrite grain boundaries. Color metallography was also effective in revealing the fusion zone solidification structure and delineating second phases, including inter- and intragranular austenite and fine Cr 2N precipitates. Fractographic analysis of solidification crack surfaces from SAF 2205 Varestraint samples revealed dendritic and flat topographies, and confirmed a solidification versus solid-state cracking mechanism.
ISSN:0026-0800
DOI:10.1016/0026-0800(89)90037-2