Nursing in Albania: A Catalytic Force in Transforming Health Professionals and Health Care

• Published in: Journal of nursing scholarship 2021-07, Vol.53 (4), p.479-489
• Main Authors: Rocco, Gennaro, Affonso, Dyanne, Caruso, Rosario, Duka, Blerina, Giardina, Bruno, Notarnicola, Ippolito, Sabatino, Laura, Shaffer, Franklin, Stievano, Alessandro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Albania; Clinical leadership; Clinical nursing; Clinical outcomes; Clinical research; Clinical standards; Critical pathways; Democracy; Dictators; GDP; Global health; Gross Domestic Product; Health care; Health care industry; Health care policy; Interdisciplinary aspects; International relations; Medical education; Medical personnel; Nurses; Nursing; Nursing education; nursing evolution; Oppression; Per capita; Political parties; Population; Primary care; Professional autonomy; Professional practice; Professionalism; professionalization; Professions; Public health; Quality of care; regulatory policies; Rescue workers; Self regulation; Sympathy; Workforce
• ISSN: 1527-6546; 1547-5069
• DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12655

Purpose Transitions in nursing education and professionalism that align with global nursing standards are elucidated as critical success factors in transforming health professionals and health care in Albania. Progressive educational and regulatory pathways throughout the 2000s (1999–2020) are emphasized for their impact on the Albanian health system, including the achievement of universal healthcare coverage. Methods Data collected by the Ministry of Health and Sport and the Regulatory Authority for nursing and other healthcare professions in Albania were analyzed and outcomes explicated with regard to Albania’s major health challenges. Discussion and Conclusions Three milestones affirmed nursing as a driving force in the Albanian healthcare system: (a) nurses constitute the largest health professional workforce via a nurse–patient ratio of 1:400 in contrast to a physician–patient ratio of 1:2,500; (b) nurses are frontline care providers via clinical leadership in the management of primary healthcare centers, which ensure universal healthcare coverage; and (c) nurses are first responders via their presence and compassionate caring in the primary healthcare centers, including making critical shifts in converting primary healthcare centers to urgent care centers as needed. Clinical Relevance Nursing advancements have implicated quality care and professionalism in Albania across the health professions via three critical pathways: (a) health professional education at a university degree level for entry into practice (since 1999), which was prompted by and driven by nursing’s quest to be a self‐regulated profession (achieved in 2007); (b) healthcare global standards sparked by nursing’s mandate toward professional autonomy, as achieved via regulatory procedures and policies; and (c) interprofessional healthcare initiatives that serve as collaborative platforms for innovative educational, clinical, and research projects.