Plant uptake and soil retention of radionuclides and metals in vineyard environments

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-09, Vol.28 (36), p.49651-49662
• Main Authors: Gulan, Ljiljana, Stajic, Jelena M., Milenkovic, Biljana, Zeremski, Tijana, Milic, Stanko, Krstic, Dragana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Beryllium; Cadmium; Calcium carbonate; Cesium 137; Cesium isotopes; Cesium radioisotopes; Chromium; Copper; Correlation; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Fungicides; Grapevines; Iron; Leaves; Magnesium; Manganese; Mathematical analysis; Metal concentrations; Metals; Nickel; Organic matter; Organic soils; pH effects; Principal components analysis; Radioisotopes; Radium 226; Radium isotopes; Radium radioisotopes; Research Article; Soil analysis; Soil chemistry; Soil investigations; Soil organic matter; Soil pH; Variance; Vineyards; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Wine; Wineries & vineyards; Wines; Zinc
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14239-0

In most European countries, each adult citizen drinks on average more than 20 L of wine every year. Three popular wine-growing areas (Aleksandrovac, Topola, and Orahovac) in Serbia were studied in order to investigate the abundance and uptake of elements from vineyard soil to plants. The specific activities of radionuclides ( 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K, 137 Cs, and 7 Be) were measured in soil, leaves, and grape berries. 226 Ra and 232 Th were positively correlated with silt and clay and negatively correlated with sand content in soil. Specific activities of natural radionuclides were also negatively correlated with soil pH and CaCO 3 . Significant correlations of 40 K and 137 Cs with organic matter in soil were found. Concentrations of fifteen metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, and Hg) were also measured in soil samples as well as in grapevine leaves. Analyzed soils were rich in Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Cd. High concentrations of Cu were probably caused by long-term use of Cu-based fungicides. Cu was correlated with Fe and organic matter content in soil. Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) were calculated to estimate the uptake of radionuclides and metals. Correlations obtained via PCA enable distinction between the sites Aleksandrovac and Topola relative to Orahovac. The first principal component (PC1) accounting for 30.70% of the total variance correlated significantly with soil pH (H 2 O), contents of CaCO 3 , Na, Ca, 40 K, and 226 Ra in soil, as well as with 226 Ra, Na, Ca in plants and TF Ca . The second principal component (PC2), with total variance of 17.21%, was mainly correlated with variables pertaining to Mg, Co, and Cr in the soil and TF K .