A natural history of Chlorocebus dryas from camera traps in Lomami National Park and its buffer zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo, with notes on the species status of Cercopithecus salongo

• Published in: American journal of primatology 2021-06, Vol.83 (6), p.e23261-n/a
• Main Authors: Alempijevic, Daniel, Boliabo, Ephrem M., Coates, Kathryn F., Hart, Terese B., Hart, John A., Detwiler, Kate M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biology; Buffer zones; camera traps; Cameras; Catharus dryas; Cercopithecus; Cercopithecus dryas; Cercopithecus salongo; Chlorocebus; Chlorocebus dryas; Composition; Density; Forest degradation; Group composition; Group dynamics; Lomami National Park; Males; Monkeys; National parks; Natural history; Ontogeny; Pelage; Perineum; Polls & surveys; Primates; Rainforests; Savannahs; Scrotum; Species; Traps; Undergrowth; Understory; Video; Vocalization behavior
• ISSN: 0275-2565; 1098-2345
• DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23261

The natural history and taxonomic status of two central African primates, Cercopithecus dryas and Cercopithecus salongo have long been in question. Recent studies confirmed that C. dryas is a basal member of the savanna monkey clade, and that it prefers dense undergrowth in lowland rainforest. While these studies advanced our knowledge of this enigmatic species, key aspects of its natural history remain poorly documented. Furthermore, the lack of a field study that documents pelage patterns of both sexes and different age classes of C. dryas has led to a disagreement over the validity of C. salongo as a sister taxon to C. dryas. Using the results of two multi‐strata camera trap surveys in Lomami National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and its buffer zone, we conducted a third survey in the understory of degraded forest to accumulate videos of C. dryas/salongo. We used these videos to test the hypothesis that C. dryas and C. salongo are synonymous, and to assess the species' group composition, density, behavior and vocalizations. Camera traps revealed an ontogenetic change in pelage pattern that supports the view that C. salongo is the adult of C. dryas. Videos revealed that adult males develop a blue perineum and scrotum, and a red subcaudal patch, similar to other savanna monkeys. We provide a preliminary assessment of C. dryas' group composition, density, behavior, and vocalizations. This long‐overlooked monkey is an exceptional member of the Chlorocebus clade, and all aspects of its biology require further investigation. Age‐related change in pelage and sexual dimorphism in the dryas monkey. Research Highlights Camera trap videos support that two described species, Cercopithecus dryas and Cercopithecus salongo, are conspecific. Male dryas monkeys develop a red subcaudal patch, blue perineum, and white caudal ruff that forms an elaborate display, similar to the red, white, and blue displays of savanna monkeys.