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Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil

Mulberry has been widely studied for its capacity to tolerate heavy metals. However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and t...

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Published in:Environmental pollution (1987) 2021-09, Vol.284, p.117387-117387, Article 117387
Main Authors: Guo, Zhaohui, Zeng, Peng, Xiao, Xiyuan, Peng, Chi
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Peng, Chi
description Mulberry has been widely studied for its capacity to tolerate heavy metals. However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p 
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However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p &lt; 0.05) increased by 37.85%–40.87% and 36.63%–53.06% in 37.0–55.4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and Cd content in plants were positive. Furthermore, the structures of leaf cells, root and stem tissues were largely intact; simultaneously, the increase in osmiophilic particles and the dissolution of starch granules in mulberry leaves significantly responded to Cd stress. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis indicated that mulberry can enhance the catalytic activity, regulate the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions, and strengthen its antioxidant enzyme activity and defense mechanism to decrease Cd intoxication. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were upregulated under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) enriched in roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry, and abscisic acid and ethylene can mediate MAPK signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress. The results suggested that the physiological, cellular and tissue, and transcriptional regulation of mulberry can facilitate its stress adaptation in Cd-contaminated soil. [Display omitted] •Cd2+ was mainly uptake by root cap zone and meristem zone of mulberry.•Osmiophilic particles and starch granules in mulberry leaves were responded to Cd stress.•Cd might occupy the transporters of Zn, Cu, and Mn (ZIPs, COPTs, and PDRs).•Plant hormone signal transduction were up-regulated mulberry under Cd stress.•Abscisic acid and ethylene might mediate MAPK signaling pathways. 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However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p &lt; 0.05) increased by 37.85%–40.87% and 36.63%–53.06% in 37.0–55.4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and Cd content in plants were positive. Furthermore, the structures of leaf cells, root and stem tissues were largely intact; simultaneously, the increase in osmiophilic particles and the dissolution of starch granules in mulberry leaves significantly responded to Cd stress. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis indicated that mulberry can enhance the catalytic activity, regulate the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions, and strengthen its antioxidant enzyme activity and defense mechanism to decrease Cd intoxication. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were upregulated under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) enriched in roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry, and abscisic acid and ethylene can mediate MAPK signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress. The results suggested that the physiological, cellular and tissue, and transcriptional regulation of mulberry can facilitate its stress adaptation in Cd-contaminated soil. [Display omitted] •Cd2+ was mainly uptake by root cap zone and meristem zone of mulberry.•Osmiophilic particles and starch granules in mulberry leaves were responded to Cd stress.•Cd might occupy the transporters of Zn, Cu, and Mn (ZIPs, COPTs, and PDRs).•Plant hormone signal transduction were up-regulated mulberry under Cd stress.•Abscisic acid and ethylene might mediate MAPK signaling pathways. Cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathway-related genes can effectively promote Cd tolerance and detoxification in mulberry.</description><subject>Cd stress</subject><subject>Cd2+ flux</subject><subject>Molecular response</subject><subject>Mulberry</subject><subject>Transcriptome</subject><subject>Ultrastructure</subject><issn>0269-7491</issn><issn>1873-6424</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE_L1DAQh4MouL76DTzk-Aq2Jk023V4EWfwHK3rQc0inE82SJjWTXdhvb1-qV08zDM_vB_Mw9lKKVgpp3pxbTNclx7YTnWyl7NWhf8R28tCrxuhOP2Y70Zmh6fUgn7JnRGchhFZK7dj1268bhRzzzwAuvuYuuZrnf_vEa3GJoISlhpxc5AVpyYmQePZ8vsQRS7nx-y-5XIi7ODp-al_xmvlx4lRXmnhIHHKqbg5rN67nHOJz9sS7SPji77xjPz68_3781Jy-fvx8fHdqQKmhNgDTqHrXG4WHSY5yMnCQQg293hsQnfYKBtF5EMY7UN54sfeT0cKDcShxVHfsfutdSv59Qap2DgQYo0uYL2S7vdJGKtH1K6o3FEomKujtUsLsys1KYR8027PdNNsHzXbTvMbebjFc37gGLJYgYAKcQkGodsrh_wV_AGYAihg</recordid><startdate>20210901</startdate><enddate>20210901</enddate><creator>Guo, Zhaohui</creator><creator>Zeng, Peng</creator><creator>Xiao, Xiyuan</creator><creator>Peng, Chi</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210901</creationdate><title>Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil</title><author>Guo, Zhaohui ; Zeng, Peng ; Xiao, Xiyuan ; Peng, Chi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-ccdb37a763e8d1b1d6c810397456c024f3c902fc06fac3f6f05fd640fc6ae1eb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Cd stress</topic><topic>Cd2+ flux</topic><topic>Molecular response</topic><topic>Mulberry</topic><topic>Transcriptome</topic><topic>Ultrastructure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guo, Zhaohui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Xiyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Chi</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental pollution (1987)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guo, Zhaohui</au><au>Zeng, Peng</au><au>Xiao, Xiyuan</au><au>Peng, Chi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil</atitle><jtitle>Environmental pollution (1987)</jtitle><date>2021-09-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>284</volume><spage>117387</spage><epage>117387</epage><pages>117387-117387</pages><artnum>117387</artnum><issn>0269-7491</issn><eissn>1873-6424</eissn><abstract>Mulberry has been widely studied for its capacity to tolerate heavy metals. However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p &lt; 0.05) increased by 37.85%–40.87% and 36.63%–53.06% in 37.0–55.4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and Cd content in plants were positive. Furthermore, the structures of leaf cells, root and stem tissues were largely intact; simultaneously, the increase in osmiophilic particles and the dissolution of starch granules in mulberry leaves significantly responded to Cd stress. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis indicated that mulberry can enhance the catalytic activity, regulate the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions, and strengthen its antioxidant enzyme activity and defense mechanism to decrease Cd intoxication. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were upregulated under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) enriched in roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry, and abscisic acid and ethylene can mediate MAPK signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress. The results suggested that the physiological, cellular and tissue, and transcriptional regulation of mulberry can facilitate its stress adaptation in Cd-contaminated soil. [Display omitted] •Cd2+ was mainly uptake by root cap zone and meristem zone of mulberry.•Osmiophilic particles and starch granules in mulberry leaves were responded to Cd stress.•Cd might occupy the transporters of Zn, Cu, and Mn (ZIPs, COPTs, and PDRs).•Plant hormone signal transduction were up-regulated mulberry under Cd stress.•Abscisic acid and ethylene might mediate MAPK signaling pathways. Cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathway-related genes can effectively promote Cd tolerance and detoxification in mulberry.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117387</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Cd stress
Cd2+ flux
Molecular response
Mulberry
Transcriptome
Ultrastructure
title Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil
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