Development and Testing of a Spiritual Resourcefulness Scale: Holistic Expansion in Operationalizing the Resourcefulness Construct

Purpose: Research supports holistic expansion of the construct of resourcefulness by adding spiritual practices to the existing personal and social dimensions. This study describes the development and testing of items to measure spiritual resourcefulness. Methods/Design: Study phases were: (1) focus...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of holistic nursing 2022-03, Vol.40 (1), p.7-15
Main Authors: Zauszniewski, Jaclene A., Burant, Christopher J., Lekhak, Nirmala, Herbell, Kayla, Badr, Hanan A., Martin, Richard J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Caregivers
Coping
Factor analysis
Field study
Focus groups
Group development
Holistic nursing
Humans
Intervention
Mental health
Psychometrics
Quantitative psychology
Questionnaires
Reproducibility of Results
Resourcefulness
Social skills
Spirituality
Surveys and Questionnaires
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Summary:Purpose: Research supports holistic expansion of the construct of resourcefulness by adding spiritual practices to the existing personal and social dimensions. This study describes the development and testing of items to measure spiritual resourcefulness. Methods/Design: Study phases were: (1) focus group development of item stems and responses; (2) expert testing; (3) scale construction; (4) field testing in 234 family caregivers; and (5) psychometric analysis to identify items for inclusion in a final scale. Findings: A focus group developed 40 item stems with potential responses reflecting three conceptual components of spiritual practices (rational, ritualistic, and relational). Content experts selected the best response for each item. A six-point Likert scale consistent with the Resourcefulness Scale© was constructed. Data from field testing were factor analyzed. The best solution revealed two factors containing 12 items. Ritualistic and relational items loaded together (44.7% variance explained). Rational items loaded separately (19.5% variance explained). Higher-order factor analysis indicated the two subscales reflected a single construct (71.93% variance explained; r = .44, p 
ISSN:0898-0101
1552-5724
DOI:10.1177/08980101211025370