Seasonal Variations and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Seti River Basin, Gandaki Province, Nepal

• Published in: Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 2021-09, Vol.107 (3), p.441-448
• Main Authors: Pant, Ramesh Raj, Bishwakarma, Kiran, Nepal, Jharana, Paudel, Sudip, Chand, Mohan Bahadur, Qaisar, Faizan Ur Rehman, Pal, Khadka Bahadur, Thapa, Lal B., Wang, Guanxing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Arsenic; Cadmium; Cesium; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Health risks; Landfills; Lead; Manganese; Monsoons; Nickel; Pollution; Risk assessment; River basins; Rivers; Seasonal variations; Seasons; Soil Science & Conservation; Trace elements; Waste disposal sites; Waste Water Technology; Water analysis; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Water quality; Water sampling; Wind; Zinc
• ISSN: 0007-4861; 1432-0800
• DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03288-3

To explore the seasonal variability and associated health risks of dissolved trace elements (TEs), a total of 45 water samples (15 samples in each season) were collected from the Seti River Basin during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. A total of 15 TEs were analysed and the results revealed that Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) were primarily controlled by lithogenic sources, whereas, Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Cesium (Cs), Cupper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) were derived from both anthropic and geogenic sources. Additionally, the concentration of Zn was markedly high, especially during the post-monsoon season nearby the landfill site, indicating the anthropic signatures. The hazard index and cancer index were found to be