Observation of a Lee-Huang-Yang Fluid

• Published in: Physical review letters 2021-06, Vol.126 (23), p.1-230404, Article 230404
• Main Authors: Skov, Thomas G., Skou, Magnus G., Jørgensen, Nils B., Arlt, Jan J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bose-Einstein condensates; Monopoles
• ISSN: 0031-9007; 1079-7114
• DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.230404

We observe monopole oscillations in a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates, where the usually dominant mean-field interactions are canceled. In this case, the system is governed by the next-order Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction to the ground state energy, which describes the effect of quantum fluctuations. Experimentally such a LHY fluid is realized by controlling the atom numbers and interaction strengths in a K39 spin mixture confined in a spherical trap potential. We measure the monopole oscillation frequency as a function of the LHY interaction strength as proposed recently by Jrgensen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 173403 (2018)] and find excellent agreement with simulations of the complete experiment including the excitation procedure and inelastic losses. This confirms that the system and its collective behavior are initially dominated by LHY interactions. Moreover, the monopole oscillation frequency is found to be stable against variations of the involved scattering lengths in a broad region around the ideal values, confirming the stabilizing effect of the LHY interaction. These results pave the way for using the nonlinearity provided by the LHY term in quantum simulation experiments and for investigations beyond the LHY regime.