Estimation of the relationship between the sacral hiatus and other dorsal sacral parameters using principle component analysis

• Published in: Surgical and radiologic anatomy (English ed.) 2021-09, Vol.43 (9), p.1545-1554
• Main Authors: Chaudhary, Binita, Asghar, Adil, Naaz, Shagufta, Satyam, Abhigyan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anatomy; Computed tomography; Imaging; Localization; Mathematical models; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original Article; Orthopedics; Principal components analysis; Radiology; Sacrum; Sexual dimorphism; Surgery
• ISSN: 0930-1038; 1279-8517
• DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02794-7

Purpose Correct localization of the sacral hiatus is essential for administering a successful caudal epidural block. The purpose of this study is to create a statistical model of sacral hiatus from dorsal sacral parameters to improve the location of the hiatus and thus, reduce the failure rate. The aim of this investigation was to examine the relationship of sacral hiatus morphology and dimension with sacral curvature. This study further examines the dorsal sacral parameters that could affect the sacral hiatus dimension. Methods Adult, human, dry sacra and three-dimensionally reconstructed sacra from computed tomography imaging of normal subjects were included in the study and measured using digital Vernier calipers of 0.01 mm accuracy and Geomagic freeform plus software, respectively. Result The most frequent shape of the sacral hiatus was an inverted V (48%) followed by inverted U shape (32%), an irregular shape (12.3%), an M shape (4.7) and an A shape (2.8%). The data were represented by mean and standard deviation. Sacra with M-shaped hiatus had the lowest hiatal length (14.21 ± 5.44 mm), whereas sacra with an inverted V-shaped hiatus had the highest length (25.41 ± 11.3 mm). The anteroposterior diameter of the sacral hiatus at the base in males and females was found to be 3.46 ± 1.48 mm and 2.79 ± 0.83 mm, respectively ( P