Recurrent erythema multiforme: A therapeutic proposal for a chronic disease

• Published in: Journal of dermatology 2021-10, Vol.48 (10), p.1569-1573
• Main Authors: Dias de Oliveira, Natasha Favoretto, Miyamoto, Denise, Maruta, Celina Wakisaka, Aoki, Valeria, Santi, Claudia Giuli
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acyclovir; Antiviral drugs; Chronic illnesses; Dapsone; Epidemiology; Erythema; Erythema multiforme; Herpes simplex; Herpes viruses; Immunoglobulins; Immunosuppressive agents; Patients; Remission; Remission (Medicine); Serology; skin diseases; Thalidomide; therapeutics; viral skin diseases
• ISSN: 0385-2407; 1346-8138
• DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16046

Recurrent erythema multiforme is a chronic relapsing disease that represents a therapeutic challenge. Our objective was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical–epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic response of patients with recurrent erythema multiforme and suggest a therapeutic protocol. We included patients with recurrent erythema multiforme diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2019. Clinical symptoms and a positive serology for herpes simplex virus were the inclusion criteria to initiate acyclovir in monotherapy or a combined treatment with dapsone, thalidomide, or immunosuppressants in refractory cases. Thirty‐five patients were included and 71.4% were female. The median disease onset age was 35.7 years and the mean follow‐up was 7.58 years. The skin was the most affected site (91.4%). Herpes simplex virus immunoglobulin (Ig)G serology was positive in 91.1% of cases. Acyclovir treatment was used in 33 of 35 patients, and complete remission was achieved in 22 of 33 after the first therapeutic course; 16 of 22 relapsed and required a second acyclovir cycle. Combined treatment with dapsone was required in nine of 33 due to partial response to acyclovir; thalidomide was an adjuvant drug in four of 33 due to adverse effects to dapsone. After the first cycle of acyclovir with or without combined therapy, 19 of 33 patients relapsed and received 2–6 additional cycles. Our results suggest that recurrent erythema multiforme presents a good response to acyclovir in monotherapy or in combined therapy with dapsone or thalidomide in the majority of patients. We propose a long‐term therapeutic protocol to enable disease remission.