The enteroendocrine-osseous axis in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus

• Published in: Bone (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2021-12, Vol.153, p.116105-116105, Article 116105
• Main Authors: Katra, Barbara, Fedak, Danuta, Matejko, Bartłomiej, Małecki, Maciej T., Wędrychowicz, Anna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bone mineral density (BMD); Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2); Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP); Osteocalcin (OC); Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D); Undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) as carboxylated OC (cOC)
• ISSN: 8756-3282; 1873-2763
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116105

The relationship between the gut and skeleton is increasingly recognized as a component of the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), intestinotrophic peptide glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and osteocalcin isoforms in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes (T1D) when compared to healthy controls. Eighty two patients with long term T1D, treated in the Department of Metabolic Diseases and 53 healthy controls were recruited to the study. Long term disease duration was defined as lasting for more than 10 years. The control group was selected among age- and sex-matched healthy people. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure levels of incretin hormones (GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP), two forms of osteocalcin (uncarboxylated (ucOC), and carboxylated (cOC)), and additional biochemical parameters associated with glucose and bone metabolism (HbA1c, calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)D3, PTH). Patients with T1D had higher BMI than in controls (p = 0.02). There was no difference in BMD at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck between patients with long-term T1D and healthy ones. Z-score values in both groups were within normal ranges. The level of GIP was significantly higher in T1D patients (p = 0.0002) in comparison to the healthy ones. The levels of GLP-1 and GLP-2 did not differ between T1D patients and controls. In the T1D group, strong, positive associations were found between serum levels of GLP-1 and cOC (r = 0.546, p