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How has access to legal cannabis changed over time? An analysis of the cannabis retail market in Canada 2 years following the legalisation of recreational cannabis
Introduction This study describes the legal recreational cannabis market across Canada over the 2 years following legalisation. We compared changes in access to the legal cannabis retail market for all provinces and territories (jurisdictions) in Canada and explored differences between jurisdictions...
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Published in: | Drug and alcohol review 2022-02, Vol.41 (2), p.377-385 |
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creator | Myran, Daniel T. Staykov, Emiliyan Cantor, Nathan Taljaard, Monica Quach, Bradley I. Hawken, Steven Tanuseputro, Peter |
description | Introduction
This study describes the legal recreational cannabis market across Canada over the 2 years following legalisation. We compared changes in access to the legal cannabis retail market for all provinces and territories (jurisdictions) in Canada and explored differences between jurisdictions.
Methods
We collected data for all legal cannabis stores in Canada over five time periods following legalisation in October 2018. We examined the following measures by jurisdiction and retail model (public vs. private operation): absolute and per capita store numbers, hours of operation and store access across neighbourhoods.
Results
Two years following legalisation, there were a total of 1183 legal cannabis stores open across Canada (3.7 stores per 100 000 individuals aged 15+). There was wide variation between jurisdictions in access to retail stores, with the lowest stores per capita in Quebec and Ontario (0.6 and 1.6 per 100 000), and the highest in Alberta and Yukon (14.3 per 100 000 in both). Jurisdictions with private retail models had more stores (4.8 vs. 1.0 per 100 000), held greater median weekly hours (80 vs. 69) and experienced greater store growth over time compared to public models. After adjusting for confounders, there were 1.96 times (95% confidence intervals: 1.84, 2.09) more cannabis stores within 1000 m of the lowest‐ compared to the highest‐income quintile neighbourhoods.
Discussion and Conclusions
While access to the recreational cannabis retail market has increased following legalisation, there is substantial variation in access between jurisdictions and evidence of concentration in lower‐income neighbourhoods. These differences may contribute to disparities in cannabis use and harms. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/dar.13351 |
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This study describes the legal recreational cannabis market across Canada over the 2 years following legalisation. We compared changes in access to the legal cannabis retail market for all provinces and territories (jurisdictions) in Canada and explored differences between jurisdictions.
Methods
We collected data for all legal cannabis stores in Canada over five time periods following legalisation in October 2018. We examined the following measures by jurisdiction and retail model (public vs. private operation): absolute and per capita store numbers, hours of operation and store access across neighbourhoods.
Results
Two years following legalisation, there were a total of 1183 legal cannabis stores open across Canada (3.7 stores per 100 000 individuals aged 15+). There was wide variation between jurisdictions in access to retail stores, with the lowest stores per capita in Quebec and Ontario (0.6 and 1.6 per 100 000), and the highest in Alberta and Yukon (14.3 per 100 000 in both). Jurisdictions with private retail models had more stores (4.8 vs. 1.0 per 100 000), held greater median weekly hours (80 vs. 69) and experienced greater store growth over time compared to public models. After adjusting for confounders, there were 1.96 times (95% confidence intervals: 1.84, 2.09) more cannabis stores within 1000 m of the lowest‐ compared to the highest‐income quintile neighbourhoods.
Discussion and Conclusions
While access to the recreational cannabis retail market has increased following legalisation, there is substantial variation in access between jurisdictions and evidence of concentration in lower‐income neighbourhoods. These differences may contribute to disparities in cannabis use and harms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0959-5236</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1465-3362</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/dar.13351</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34250645</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melbourne: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Canada ; Cannabis ; cannabis legalisation ; cannabis retail ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Marketing ; Ontario ; substance use ; Yukon Territory</subject><ispartof>Drug and alcohol review, 2022-02, Vol.41 (2), p.377-385</ispartof><rights>2021 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3251-637beecc128217b56f1a1da6adcedf315f187a145dbd5e8fd69da674e7a7aff3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3251-637beecc128217b56f1a1da6adcedf315f187a145dbd5e8fd69da674e7a7aff3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7857-0770 ; 0000-0002-8038-300X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34250645$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Myran, Daniel T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Staykov, Emiliyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cantor, Nathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taljaard, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quach, Bradley I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hawken, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanuseputro, Peter</creatorcontrib><title>How has access to legal cannabis changed over time? An analysis of the cannabis retail market in Canada 2 years following the legalisation of recreational cannabis</title><title>Drug and alcohol review</title><addtitle>Drug Alcohol Rev</addtitle><description>Introduction
This study describes the legal recreational cannabis market across Canada over the 2 years following legalisation. We compared changes in access to the legal cannabis retail market for all provinces and territories (jurisdictions) in Canada and explored differences between jurisdictions.
Methods
We collected data for all legal cannabis stores in Canada over five time periods following legalisation in October 2018. We examined the following measures by jurisdiction and retail model (public vs. private operation): absolute and per capita store numbers, hours of operation and store access across neighbourhoods.
Results
Two years following legalisation, there were a total of 1183 legal cannabis stores open across Canada (3.7 stores per 100 000 individuals aged 15+). There was wide variation between jurisdictions in access to retail stores, with the lowest stores per capita in Quebec and Ontario (0.6 and 1.6 per 100 000), and the highest in Alberta and Yukon (14.3 per 100 000 in both). Jurisdictions with private retail models had more stores (4.8 vs. 1.0 per 100 000), held greater median weekly hours (80 vs. 69) and experienced greater store growth over time compared to public models. After adjusting for confounders, there were 1.96 times (95% confidence intervals: 1.84, 2.09) more cannabis stores within 1000 m of the lowest‐ compared to the highest‐income quintile neighbourhoods.
Discussion and Conclusions
While access to the recreational cannabis retail market has increased following legalisation, there is substantial variation in access between jurisdictions and evidence of concentration in lower‐income neighbourhoods. These differences may contribute to disparities in cannabis use and harms.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>cannabis legalisation</subject><subject>cannabis retail</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Legislation, Drug</subject><subject>Marketing</subject><subject>Ontario</subject><subject>substance use</subject><subject>Yukon Territory</subject><issn>0959-5236</issn><issn>1465-3362</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kcFuGyEQhlHVqHHSHvICFcf2sMkCC7s-RZabNpUiRapyX83CYJNiSGEdy7de-yB5sT5JiJ22uZQLQvPxwcxPyAmrT1lZZwbSKRNCsldkwholKyEUf00m9VROK8mFOiRHOd_Wdc2l5G_IoWi4rFUjJ-ThMm7oEjIFrTFnOkbqcQGeaggBBpepXkJYoKHxHhMd3QrP6SxQCOC3uZSjpeMS_-EJR3CeriB9x5G6QOcFNUD575-_tggpUxu9jxsXFruLu9dchtHF8CRLqBPuTi8-8ZYcWPAZ3z3vx-Tm88XN_LK6uv7ydT67qrTgklVKtAOi1ox3nLWDVJYBM6DAaDRWMGlZ1wJrpBmMxM4aNS3VtsEWWrBWHJMPe-1dij_WmMd-5bJG7yFgXOe-TK9WomOqK-jHPapTzDmh7e-SK01ve1b3T6H0JZR-F0ph3z9r18MKzV_yTwoFONsDG-dx-39T_2n2ba98BLVummM</recordid><startdate>202202</startdate><enddate>202202</enddate><creator>Myran, Daniel T.</creator><creator>Staykov, Emiliyan</creator><creator>Cantor, Nathan</creator><creator>Taljaard, Monica</creator><creator>Quach, Bradley I.</creator><creator>Hawken, Steven</creator><creator>Tanuseputro, Peter</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-0770</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8038-300X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202202</creationdate><title>How has access to legal cannabis changed over time? An analysis of the cannabis retail market in Canada 2 years following the legalisation of recreational cannabis</title><author>Myran, Daniel T. ; Staykov, Emiliyan ; Cantor, Nathan ; Taljaard, Monica ; Quach, Bradley I. ; Hawken, Steven ; Tanuseputro, Peter</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3251-637beecc128217b56f1a1da6adcedf315f187a145dbd5e8fd69da674e7a7aff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Canada</topic><topic>Cannabis</topic><topic>cannabis legalisation</topic><topic>cannabis retail</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Legislation, Drug</topic><topic>Marketing</topic><topic>Ontario</topic><topic>substance use</topic><topic>Yukon Territory</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Myran, Daniel T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Staykov, Emiliyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cantor, Nathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taljaard, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quach, Bradley I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hawken, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanuseputro, Peter</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Drug and alcohol review</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Myran, Daniel T.</au><au>Staykov, Emiliyan</au><au>Cantor, Nathan</au><au>Taljaard, Monica</au><au>Quach, Bradley I.</au><au>Hawken, Steven</au><au>Tanuseputro, Peter</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>How has access to legal cannabis changed over time? An analysis of the cannabis retail market in Canada 2 years following the legalisation of recreational cannabis</atitle><jtitle>Drug and alcohol review</jtitle><addtitle>Drug Alcohol Rev</addtitle><date>2022-02</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>377</spage><epage>385</epage><pages>377-385</pages><issn>0959-5236</issn><eissn>1465-3362</eissn><abstract>Introduction
This study describes the legal recreational cannabis market across Canada over the 2 years following legalisation. We compared changes in access to the legal cannabis retail market for all provinces and territories (jurisdictions) in Canada and explored differences between jurisdictions.
Methods
We collected data for all legal cannabis stores in Canada over five time periods following legalisation in October 2018. We examined the following measures by jurisdiction and retail model (public vs. private operation): absolute and per capita store numbers, hours of operation and store access across neighbourhoods.
Results
Two years following legalisation, there were a total of 1183 legal cannabis stores open across Canada (3.7 stores per 100 000 individuals aged 15+). There was wide variation between jurisdictions in access to retail stores, with the lowest stores per capita in Quebec and Ontario (0.6 and 1.6 per 100 000), and the highest in Alberta and Yukon (14.3 per 100 000 in both). Jurisdictions with private retail models had more stores (4.8 vs. 1.0 per 100 000), held greater median weekly hours (80 vs. 69) and experienced greater store growth over time compared to public models. After adjusting for confounders, there were 1.96 times (95% confidence intervals: 1.84, 2.09) more cannabis stores within 1000 m of the lowest‐ compared to the highest‐income quintile neighbourhoods.
Discussion and Conclusions
While access to the recreational cannabis retail market has increased following legalisation, there is substantial variation in access between jurisdictions and evidence of concentration in lower‐income neighbourhoods. These differences may contribute to disparities in cannabis use and harms.</abstract><cop>Melbourne</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd</pub><pmid>34250645</pmid><doi>10.1111/dar.13351</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-0770</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8038-300X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Canada Cannabis cannabis legalisation cannabis retail Humans Legislation, Drug Marketing Ontario substance use Yukon Territory |
title | How has access to legal cannabis changed over time? An analysis of the cannabis retail market in Canada 2 years following the legalisation of recreational cannabis |
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