Apoplast-symplast compartmentalization and functional traits of iron and aluminum in promeristematic tissues of nematode induced galls on Miconia spp

• Published in: Plant physiology and biochemistry 2020-09, Vol.154, p.360-368
• Main Authors: Arriola, Ígor Abba, Figueiredo, Maurílio Assis, Boanares, Daniela, França, Marcel Giovanni Costa, Isaias, Rosy Mary dos Santos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: aluminum; apoplast; Brazilian cerrado; cell nucleolus; cerrado; diet; Ditylenchus; Fe supply; iron; Melastomataceae; Metal-rich galls; Miconia; nutrient intake; plant physiology; Polyphenols; Reactive oxygen species; species; symplast; toxicity; xylem
• ISSN: 0981-9428; 1873-2690
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.031

The nutritive tissues of galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda) have promeristematic capacity, which may turn these galls into sinks of Al on their Melastomataceae Al-accumulating hosts. Such a sink of Al may affect gall growth and mineral nutrient intake. Based on the fact that galls are good models for plant developmental studies, we aimed to understand how Al-accumulating host plants in the Cerrado environment deal with Al toxicity in subcellular levels. Here, we used the ICP-OES method to check the variations on mineral nutrients, and the morin, hematoxylin, and Prussian blue stainings for Al and Fe histolocalization in galls induced on four Miconia species of the Brazilian Cerrado. We confirmed the new Al-accumulating feature for two Miconia species of the Cerrado environment. Furthermore, we found that Al accumulates in lesser concentrations in gall tissues than in non-galled tissues of the Miconia hosts. Staining methods indicated that the polyphenols avoid Al-binding to the apoplast and the nucleolus of the promeristematic cells, and mediated its binding to parenchyma cell walls. As well, we inferred that Fe3+ is transported by xylem and stored in gall parenchyma, where it is reduced to Fe2+, being available in gall nutritive cells. Our results demonstrated an Al compartmentalization between the apoplast and symplast of the inner cell layers in galls, as well as indicated the phenolics action against Al-toxicity and toward Fe availability for the diet of Ditylenchus gallaeformans. •Ditylenchus gallaeformans induce leaf galls with promeristematic capacity on Al-accumulating host plants.•Al is not associated with the walls of the promeristematic cells in gall tissues.•Ditylenchus gallaeformans manipulate its host-plants to acquire Fe supply.•Polyphenols act in the Fe disponibilization to the nematodes diet, and the Al compartmentalization in gall tissues.