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Dissimilatory nitrate reduction and functional genes in two subtropical rivers, China

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes, including denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), are important pathways of nitrate transformation in the aquatic environments. In this study, we investigated potential rates of denitr...

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Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-12, Vol.28 (48), p.68155-68173
Main Authors: Zhao, Binjie, Li, Xinshuai, Wang, Yang, Tan, Xiang, Qi, Wenhua, Li, Hongran, Wei, Junwei, You, Yong, Shi, Wenjun, Zhang, Quanfa
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description Dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes, including denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), are important pathways of nitrate transformation in the aquatic environments. In this study, we investigated potential rates of denitrification, anammox, and DNRA in the sediments of two subtropical rivers, Jinshui River and Qi River, with different intensities of human activities in their respective catchment, China. Our objectives were to assess the seasonality of dissimilatory nitrate reduction rates, quantify their respective contributions to nitrate reduction, and reveal the relationship between dissimilatory nitrate reduction rates, functional gene abundances, and physicochemicals in the river ecosystems. Our results showed higher rates of denitrification and anammox in the intensively disturbed areas in autumn and spring, and higher potential DNRA in the slightly disturbed areas in summer. Generally, denitrification, anammox, and DNRA were higher in summer, autumn, and spring, respectively. Relative contributions of nitrate reduction from denitrification, anammox, and DNRA were quite different in different seasons. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction rates and gene abundances correlated significantly with water temperature, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), sediment total organic carbon (SOC), NO 3 - , NH 4 + , DOC/NO 3 - , iron ions, and sulfide. Understanding dissimilatory nitrate reduction is essential for restoring nitrate reduction capacity and improving and sustaining ecohealth of the river ecosystems.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11356-021-15197-3
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subjects Ammonium
Ammonium Compounds
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation
Anaerobic processes
Aquatic ecosystems
Aquatic environment
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Autumn
Carbon
Denitrification
Dissolved organic carbon
Dissolved Organic Matter
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecosystem
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Humans
Nitrate reduction
Nitrates
Nitrates - analysis
Nitrogen - analysis
Oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Reduction
Research Article
River ecology
Rivers
Seasonal variations
Sediments
Spring
Spring (season)
Summer
Total organic carbon
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Water temperature
title Dissimilatory nitrate reduction and functional genes in two subtropical rivers, China
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