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The Rapidly-Developing Area of Radiocardiology: Principles, Complications and Applications of Radiotherapy on the Heart

Ventricular arrhythmias are the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Current treatment strategies for ventricular tachycardia, including antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation, have limited efficacy in patients with structural heart disease. Noninvasive ablation with the use of externally appl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Canadian journal of cardiology 2021-11, Vol.37 (11), p.1818-1827
Main Authors: Aguilar, Martin, Qian, Pierre C., Boeck, Michelle, Bredfeldt, Jeremy, Seuntjens, Jan, Hijal, Tarek, Bernier, Martin L., Zei, Paul
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Ventricular arrhythmias are the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Current treatment strategies for ventricular tachycardia, including antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation, have limited efficacy in patients with structural heart disease. Noninvasive ablation with the use of externally applied radiation (cardiac radioablation) has emerged as a promising and novel approach to treating recurrent ventricular tachycardias. However, the heart is generally an “organ at risk” for radiation treatments, such that very little is known on the effects of radiotherapy on cardiac ultrastructure and electrophysiologic properties. Furthermore, there has been limited interaction between the fields of cardiology and radiation oncology and physics. The advent of cardiac radioablation will undoubtedly increase interactions between cardiologists, cardiac electrophysiologists, radiation oncologists and physicists. There is an important knowledge gap separating these specialties, but scientific developments, technical optimisation, and improvements depend on intense multidisciplinary collaboration. This manuscript seeks to review the basic of radiation physics and biology for cardiovascular specialists in an effort to facilitate constructive scientific and clinical collaborations to improve patient outcomes. Les arythmies ventriculaires sont la principale cause de mort subite d'origine cardiaque. Les stratégies de traitement actuelles des tachycardies ventriculaires, y compris les antiarythmiques et l’ablation par cathéter, sont peu efficaces chez les patients atteints d’une cardiopathie structurelle. L’ablation non invasive au moyen d’un rayonnement externe (ablation cardiaque par radiofréquence) est une nouvelle approche prometteuse pour traiter les tachycardies ventriculaires récurrentes. Cependant, le cœur est généralement un organe vulnérable à la radiothérapie, de sorte qu’on en sait très peu sur les effets de la radiothérapie sur l’ultrastructure cardiaque et les propriétés électrophysiologiques. Qui plus est, il y a peu d’interactions entre les domaines de la cardiologie, de la radio-oncologie et de la physique. L’avènement de l’ablation cardiaque par radiofréquence fera sans aucun doute augmenter les interactions entre les cardiologues, les cardiologues-électrophysiologues, les radio-oncologues et les physiciens. Un manque de connaissances important sépare ces spécialités, mais les avancées scientifiques, l’optimisation technique et les améliorations dépendent
ISSN:0828-282X
1916-7075
DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.011