Psychological responses and associated factors during the initial lockdown due to the corona disease epidemic (COVID-19) among Norwegian citizens

Ongoing COVID-19 studies pay little attention to the risk or protective factors related to psychological stress. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia during the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, and explore factors that might be associated with these o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of mental health (Abingdon, England) England), 2023-12, Vol.ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print), p.1-8
Main Authors: Schou-Bredal, Inger, Grimholt, Tine K., Bonsaksen, Tore, Skogstad, Laila, Heir, Trond, Ekeberg, Øivind
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anxiety
COVID-19
depression
epidemic
Epidemics
Insomnia
Mental depression
Mental health
pandemic
Pandemics
population survey
Protective factors
Questionnaires
Risk factors
Unemployed people
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Summary:Ongoing COVID-19 studies pay little attention to the risk or protective factors related to psychological stress. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia during the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, and explore factors that might be associated with these outcomes. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball-sampling strategy. Participants from 18 years or older filled out an anonymous online questionnaire. A total of 4527 citizens filled out the questionnaire. Prevalence rates were; insomnia 31.8%, anxiety 17.1% and depression 12.5%. Risk factors associated with anxiety, depression and insomnia were being single (OR = 0.75, OR = 0.57, OR = 0.59), unemployed (OR = 0.47, OR = 0.53, OR = 0.73), financial concerns (OR = 1.66, OR = 2.09, OR = 1.80) at risk for complication from COVID-19 (OR = 1.63, OR = 1.68, OR = 1.60), and being generally worried due to the COVID-19 (OR 0 3.06, OR = 1.41, OR = 1.74). Being single, unemployed, at risk of health complications, or having concerns because of financial or other consequences of the pandemic are associated with mental health adversities such as anxiety, depression and insomnia during a pandemic lockdown.
ISSN:0963-8237
1360-0567
DOI:10.1080/09638237.2021.1952949