Observation of nuclear ferromagnetic ordering in silver at negative nanokelvin temperatures

The ferromagnetically ordered state in the nuclear spin system of Ag has been reached at negative absolute temperatures by adiabatic nuclear demagnetization at entropies < 0.82 Rln2. The ordering, caused by the antiferromagnetic Ruderman--Kittel interaction, was observed below --1.9 nK as a satur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review letters 1992-01, Vol.68 (3), p.365-368
Main Authors: HAKONEN, P. J, NUMMILA, K. K, VUORINEN, R. T, LOUNASMAA, O. V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties
Exact sciences and technology
Magnetic phase boundaries (including magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
Magnetic properties and materials
Magnetically ordered materials: other intrinsic properties
Metals. Metallurgy
Physics
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Summary:The ferromagnetically ordered state in the nuclear spin system of Ag has been reached at negative absolute temperatures by adiabatic nuclear demagnetization at entropies < 0.82 Rln2. The ordering, caused by the antiferromagnetic Ruderman--Kittel interaction, was observed below --1.9 nK as a saturation of susceptibility close to --1 and as an increase of the NMR frequencies. Comparison with recent mean-field calculations by Viertio and Oja suggests a domain configuration. The phase diagram of Ag nuclei at T < 0 is outlined in the magnetic field vs. entropy plane.
ISSN:0031-9007
1079-7114
DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.68.365