Influence of climatic factors on dry flower, grey and green mould diseases of macadamia flowers in Australia

Aims Flower blights (grey mould, green mould and dry flower) are important diseases of macadamia. Lack of information on pathogen biology and disease epidemiology in macadamia has hampered control options. Effects of climatic variables including temperature, relative humidity (RH) and vapour pressur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied microbiology 2022-02, Vol.132 (2), p.1291-1306
Main Authors: Prasannath, Kandeeparoopan, Galea, Victor J., Akinsanmi, Olufemi A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Australia
Blight
Botrytis blight
Cladosporium blight
Climate change
Conidia
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Fecundity
Flower blight
Flowering
Flowers
Fungi
Germination
Grey mold
Growth models
Macadamia
Mathematical models
Mold
Mycelia
Mycelium
Pathogens
Pestalotiopsis blight
qPCR
raceme blight
Relative humidity
spore trapping
Spores, Fungal
Sporulation
tree nut
Vapor pressure
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Summary:Aims Flower blights (grey mould, green mould and dry flower) are important diseases of macadamia. Lack of information on pathogen biology and disease epidemiology in macadamia has hampered control options. Effects of climatic variables including temperature, relative humidity (RH) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on the abundance, germination and growth of conidia of four fungal pathogens that cause various flower blights in macadamia were studied. Methods and Results Mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial germination and germ tube growth for five isolates each of Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Pestalotiopsis macadamiae and Neopestalotiopsis macadamiae, at eight temperatures, seven RH and the corresponding VPD regimes were determined in vitro. The optimal climatic range of each of the four pathogens was validated during macadamia flowering periods in the 2019 and 2020 seasons by conidia detected and quantified using quantitative PCR. Several growth models were fitted to the data with high significance; predicted optima from these models ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 kPa VPD for P. macadamiae and N. macadamiae and
ISSN:1364-5072
1365-2672
DOI:10.1111/jam.15241