Transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of Th17/Treg balance in health and disease

Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells play important roles in adaptive immune responses, antagonizing each other in immune disorders. Th17/Treg balance is critical to maintaining the immune homeostasis of human bodies and is tightly regulated under healthy conditions. The trans...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of immunology 2021-09, Vol.51 (9), p.2137-2150
Main Authors: Zhang, Weiqi, Liu, Xu, Zhu, Yicheng, Liu, Xinnan, Gu, Yunting, Dai, Xueyu, Li, Bin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive immunity
Cell differentiation
Cofactors
Enzymatic activity
Foxp3 protein
Gene regulation
Helper cells
Homeostasis
immune homeostasis
Immune response
Inflammatory diseases
Lymphocytes T
Microenvironments
posttranslational modification
Th17/Treg balance
Transcription factors
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Summary:Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells play important roles in adaptive immune responses, antagonizing each other in immune disorders. Th17/Treg balance is critical to maintaining the immune homeostasis of human bodies and is tightly regulated under healthy conditions. The transcription factors that are required for driving Th17 and Treg cell lineages differentiation respectively, RORγt and FOXP3 are tightly regulated under different tissue microenvironment, especially the transcriptional induction, posttranslational modifications, and dynamic enzymatic cofactors binding. The imbalance caused by alteration of the quantity or properties of RORγt+ Th17 or FOXP3+ Treg can contribute to inflammatory disorders in humans. Restoring Th17/Treg balance by modifying the enzymatic activities of RORγt and FOXP3 binding partners may be therapeutically applied to treat severe immune disorders. In this review, we focus on the transcriptional and posttranslational regulations of Th17/Treg balance, immune disorders caused by Th17/Treg imbalance, and new therapeutic strategies for restoring immune homeostasis. The imbalance caused by alteration of the quantity or properties of RORγt+ Th17 or FOXP3+ Treg can contribute to inflammatory disorders in humans. Here, we focus on the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of Th17/Treg balance, immune disorders caused by Th17/Treg imbalance, and new therapeutic strategies for restoring immune homeostasis.
ISSN:0014-2980
1521-4141
DOI:10.1002/eji.202048794