Understanding protein digestion in infants and the elderly: Current in vitro digestion models

The last decades have witnessed a surge of interest in the fate of dietary proteins during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Although several in vitro digestion models are available as alternatives to clinical experiments, most of them focus on the digestive conditions of healthy young adults. This s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2023, Vol.63 (7), p.975-992
Main Authors: Lee, Seonmin, Jo, Kyung, Jeong, Hyun Gyung, Choi, Yun-Sang, Yong, Hae In, Jung, Samooel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Diet
Dietary Proteins - metabolism
Digestion
digestion model
Digestive system
Dynamic models
elderly
gastrointestinal digestion
Gastrointestinal tract
Growth stage
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
Infants
Inoculation
Models, Biological
Older people
Oral cavity
protein
Proteins
Proteolysis
Static models
Young adults
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Summary:The last decades have witnessed a surge of interest in the fate of dietary proteins during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Although several in vitro digestion models are available as alternatives to clinical experiments, most of them focus on the digestive conditions of healthy young adults. This study investigates the static/dynamic models used to simulate digestion in infants and the elderly and considers the related in vivo conditions. The in vitro digestive protocols targeting these two groups are summarized, and the challenges associated with the further development of in vitro digestion models are discussed. Static models rely on several factors (e.g., enzyme concentration, pH, reaction time, and rotation speed) to differentiate digestive conditions depending on age. Dynamic models can more accurately simulate the complex digestion process and allow the inclusion of further parameters (sequential secretion of digestive fluids, gradual changes in pH, peristaltic mixing, GI emptying, and the inoculation of luminal microbiota). In the case of infants, age or growth stage clarification and the differentiation of digestive protocols between full-term and preterm infants are required, whereas protocols dealing with various health statuses are required in the case of the elderly, as this group is prone to oral cavity and GI function deterioration.
ISSN:1040-8398
1549-7852
DOI:10.1080/10408398.2021.1957765