DNA methylation in stress and depression: from biomarker to therapeutics

Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) have been associated with stress responses and increased vulnerability to depression. Abnormal DNAm is observed in stressed animals and depressed individuals. Antidepressant treatment modulates DNAm levels and regulates gene expression in diverse...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta neuropsychiatrica 2021-10, Vol.33 (5), p.217-241
Main Authors: Sales, Amanda J, Guimarães, Francisco S, Joca, Sâmia R L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antidepressants
Antidepressive Agents - pharmacology
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Brain - metabolism
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
CpG Islands
Depression - blood
Depression - drug therapy
Depression - genetics
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - drug effects
Epigenetics
Epigenomics
Female
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects
Humans
Hypothalamus
Male
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Methyltransferases - antagonists & inhibitors
Mice
Models, Animal
Neurobiology
Neurosciences
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Serotonin
Signal transduction
Stress, Psychological
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Summary:Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) have been associated with stress responses and increased vulnerability to depression. Abnormal DNAm is observed in stressed animals and depressed individuals. Antidepressant treatment modulates DNAm levels and regulates gene expression in diverse tissues, including the brain and the blood. Therefore, DNAm could be a potential therapeutic target in depression. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge about the involvement of DNAm in the behavioural and molecular changes associated with stress exposure and depression. We also evaluated the possible use of DNAm changes as biomarkers of depression. Finally, we discussed current knowledge limitations and future perspectives.
ISSN:0924-2708
1601-5215
DOI:10.1017/neu.2021.18