Intranasal Ketorolac for Acute Pain in Adult Emergency Department Patients

Pain is a common complaint in the emergency department. An alternative to opioids is desirable. Oral medications are not feasible with gastrointestinal disorders or NPO. Intravenous medications require skill and time. Intravenous/intramuscular medications are painful with potential needlestick injur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Western journal of nursing research 2022-11, Vol.44 (11), p.1047-1056
Main Authors: Gaul, Elizabeth, Barbour, Tracy, Nowacki, Amy S., Mace, Sharon E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute Pain - drug therapy
Adult
Burning
Double-Blind Method
Drug administration
Emergency medical care
Emergency Service, Hospital
Emergency services
Gastrointestinal disorders
Humans
Injuries
Ketorolac - therapeutic use
Nasal sprays
Needlestick Injuries - drug therapy
Nose
Nurses
Opioids
Pain
Pain management
Pain Measurement
Side effects
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Description
Summary:Pain is a common complaint in the emergency department. An alternative to opioids is desirable. Oral medications are not feasible with gastrointestinal disorders or NPO. Intravenous medications require skill and time. Intravenous/intramuscular medications are painful with potential needlestick injury. Intranasal medications have rapid onset, easy administration, do not need skilled providers, and no risk of needlestick injury. A total of 28 adults with acute pain (numeric rating scale ≥ 4) received intranasal ketorolac. Numeric rating scale decreased in all: 32% complete pain relief, median (interquartile range) decrease −5 (−6.8 to −4) (p 
ISSN:0193-9459
1552-8456
DOI:10.1177/01939459211030336