Background Inactivity Blunts Metabolic Adaptations to Intense Short-Term Training

• Published in: Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2021-09, Vol.53 (9), p.1937-1944
• Main Authors: BURTON, HEATH M., WOLFE, ANTHONY S., VARDARLI, EMRE, SATIROGLU, REMZI, COYLE, EDWARD F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0195-9131; 1530-0315
• DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002646

PURPOSEThis study determined if the level of background physical inactivity (steps per day) influences the acute and short-term adaptations to intense aerobic training. METHODSSixteen untrained participants (23.6 ± 1.7 yr) completed intense (80%-90% V˙O2peak) short-term training (5 bouts of exercise over 9 d) while taking either 4767 ± 377 steps per day (n = 8; low step) or 16,048 ± 725 steps per day (n = 8; high step). At baseline and after 1 d of acute exercise and then after the short-term training (posttraining), resting metabolic responses to a high-fat meal (i.e., plasma triglyceride concentration and fat oxidation) were assessed during a 6-h high-fat tolerance test. In addition, responses during submaximal exercise were recorded both before and after training during 15 min of cycling (~79% of pretraining V˙O2peak). RESULTSHigh step displayed a reduced incremental area under the curve for postprandial plasma triglyceride concentrations by 31% after acute exercise and by 27% after short-term training compared with baseline (P < 0.05). This was accompanied by increased whole-body fat oxidation (24% and 19%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, stress during submaximal exercise as reflected by heart rate, blood lactate, and deoxygenated hemoglobin were all reduced in high step (P < 0.05), indicating classic training responses. Despite completing the same training regimen, low step showed no significant improvements in postprandial fat metabolism or any markers of stress during submaximal exercise after training (P > 0.05). However, the two groups showed a similar 7% increase in V˙O2peak (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONWhen completing an intense short-term exercise training program, decreasing daily background steps from 16,000 to approximately 5000 steps per day blunts some of the classic cardiometabolic adaptations to training. The blunting might be more pronounced regarding metabolic factors (i.e., fat oxidation and blood lactate concentration) compared with cardiovascular factors (i.e., V˙O2peak).